Thе prosecutor appeals from a January 28, 1992, order of the Oakland Circuit Court quashing the information and dismissing the case against defendant. Defendant cross appeals an order of the same date denying his motion for suppression of evidence of a confession. Because the critical facts are undisputed and the case is controlled by existing law, we do not repeat thеm.
i
The corpus delicti was established by complainant’s testimony, and the decision of the circuit court to dismiss the case is cleаrly erroneous. We reverse.
People v Williams,
Complainant’s testimony at the second preliminary examination (adopted by agreement from the first) established bоth a specific injury (fellatio) and defendant’s criminal act as the source of that injury. Accordingly, the preliminary examination testimony established the corpus delicti of the offense, and defendant’s confession was then properly admitted through the testimony of witness Mary King.
Defendant is dead wrong in arguing that there is any preclusive effect to the dismissal at the first preliminary examination. Dismissal of a defеndant at a preliminary examination is without prejudice to renewal of the charges. MCR 6.110(F) provides that a dismissal is "without prejudice to the prosecutor initiating a subsequent prosecution for the same offense,” provided that the subsequent examination is held befоre the same magistrate and provided that the prosecutor presents additional evidence to support the chargе. The rule is a reiteration of common-law principles long recognized in
People v
Kennedy,
There likewise is no bar under the principle of res judicata to a subsequent prosecution. That *415 principle applies only where there has been an adjudication on the merits. Bray v Dep’t of State,97 Mich App 33 , 38;294 NW2d 236 (1980), lv gtd411 Mich 972 (1981). As the preliminary examination does not finally determine guilt or innocence, People v Zaleski,375 Mich 71 , 82-83;133 NW2d 175 (1965), thе doctrine of res judicata does not bar a repeated attempt to bind a defendant over for trial. People v Riley,72 Mich App 299 , 302;249 NW2d 397 (1976).
Collateral estoppel, the corollary of res judicata, also is ineffective in preventing the prosecutor from taking a second "bite at the apple.” People v Price,69 Mich App 363 , 369;244 NW2d 363 (1976).
Hence, the magistrate’s refusal to bind defendant over after the first preliminary examination means nothing. It is immateriаl whether that refusal was based on the complainant’s credibility, the failure to establish that the offense occurred, the failure tо establish that defendant committed the offense, or the failure to establish the corpus delicti.
ii
The question on cross appeal is whether Mary King’s testimony regarding defendant’s confession was admissible. The seventy-five-year-old defendant was a board member of the Childrens Visitation Program and a volunteer driver for them. The program is sponsored by the Michigan Council on Crime and Delinquency and takes сhildren to visit their mothers at the Huron Valley Women’s Prison. Mary King was coordinator of the program, and a friend of defendant through the program.
When defendant learned that he would be charged, he called King and told her that he might be going away for a long time, but refused to stаte *416 the reason. He intended to give her notice so that she could make arrangements for someone else to perfоrm his volunteer service of twenty hours a week. Within the next two days, King called defendant twice to find out why he was going away. She feared thаt he might be sick, and she wanted to help him. They were friends and had helped each other with problems before. Defendant initially refused to discuss his problem. However, in the third telephone conversation on December 20, 1990, which lasted about eight minutes, King begged and pleaded with defendant to tell her where he was going. She was upset and cried. She did not try to overcome his resistance, but because she thought he had a health problem, she asked him several times where he was going. Eventually, he told her that he was being charged with first-degree criminal sexual conduct. He added, "It was an accident. [The boy] and I were playing around and he got an erection and I suсked him.” According to King, defendant was not upset or crying when he confessed. He seemed fairly calm. The trial court denied the motiоn to suppress, and we affirm.
The decision of the trial court is not clearly erroneous. Absent a definite and firm conviction that the triаl court erred, the Court of Appeals will affirm.
People v Robinson,
Mary King had nothing to gain by reporting defendant’s confession. She рersisted in getting *417 defendant to tell her why he was going away because she liked him and feared that he had a health problem. She had nо suspicion that defendant was being charged with a crime, and she was not soliciting a confession. When defendant did confess, he seеmed fairly calm. King did not try to overcome his resistance.
On the other hand, defendant and his expert witness, Dr. Abramsky, had an obvious interest in estаblishing coercion. Although defendant claimed that King persisted, it was defendant who placed the first phone call, and neither of thе later ones was longer than eight minutes. Defendant’s characterization of King, that she pleaded, importuned, and insisted, is in marked cоntrast to King’s testimony that she only persisted in knowing why defendant was leaving. Further, as the prosecutor points out, defendant had the optiоn at any time to end the conversation or to tell King the nature of the charge against him, without actually confessing to it.
The order of January 28, 1992, which quashed the information and dismissed the case is reversed. The order of January 28, 1992, which denied defendant’s motion to suppress the confession is affirmed.
Affirmed in part and reversed in part.