341 N.W.2d 436 | Mich. | 1983
PEOPLE
v.
HALL
PEOPLE
v.
McKENDRICK
PEOPLE
v.
WILTSIE
PEOPLE
v.
CHATMAN
PEOPLE
v.
LATTY
Supreme Court of Michigan.
*191 Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Louis J. Caruso, Solicitor General, Robert L. Kaczmarek, Prosecuting Attorney, and Patrick M. Meter, Chief Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for the people in Latty.
David J. Hall in propria persona.
State Appellate Defender (by R. Steven Whalen) for defendant McKendrick.
Clifford P. Wiltsie in propria persona.
Markus S. Simon for defendant Chatman.
State Appellate Defender (by Chari Grove) for defendant Latty.
PER CURIAM:
In these cases, the common question for decision is whether the failure of the trial courts to inform the defendants prior to accepting their pleas of guilty or nolo contendere as required by GCR 1963, 785.7(1)(f) that they were not eligible for probation requires reversal of their convictions in the circumstances of the instant cases. We conclude that reversal of these convictions is not warranted.
I
Three of the cases to be examined in this opinion evidence situations in which the prosecutor made a sentence recommendation to the trial court and the trial court sentenced the defendant in conformity with that recommendation. These cases are People v Hall, People v McKendrick, and People v Wiltsie. In Hall, the prosecutor agreed *192 with the defense to recommend a sentence of from 40 to 80 years in prison. The defendant received that sentence. In McKendrick, part of the plea agreement was that the prosecutor would recommend that the defendant be sentenced to 20 to 40 years in prison. The prosecutor so recommended and that was the term ultimately imposed. In Wiltsie, part of the plea agreement was that the prosecutor would recommend a 6- to 20-year prison term. The prosecutor so recommended and the defendant received that term.
In addition, two other cases under consideration present situations in which it is apparent that the defendant knew or should have known that he would receive a prison term and would not be receiving a probationary term because the trial court informed the defendant that there was a minimum prison sentence to be served. These cases are People v Chatman and People v Latty. In Chatman, the defendant, charged with armed robbery, was informed at the plea proceeding that he had to serve at least one year in jail for armed robbery. In Latty, the defendant pled guilty to second-degree murder, and at that time the trial court informed him that the minimum prison term he would receive would be two years in prison.
II
In People v Rogers, 412 Mich. 669; 316 NW2d 701 (1982), we set aside a defendant's plea-based conviction of second-degree murder because of the trial court's failure to comply with the requirement of GCR 1963, 785.7(1)(f), which provides:
"Speaking directly to the defendant, the court shall tell him:
* * *
*193 "(f) if the plea is to murder, armed robbery or treason, he cannot be placed on probation."
This Court set aside the conviction in Rogers even though there had been a sentence bargain struck in that case.
However, in People v Jackson, 417 Mich. 243, 246; 334 NW2d 371 (1983), we modified our position on this subject in the following respect:
"We are now of the opinion that a failure to advise a defendant pleading guilty that an offense is not probationable or of the maximum and minimum sentences which could be imposed should not be regarded as reversible error per se where there is a sentence bargain and the defendant has been sentenced in accordance with the bargain."
In rendering our decision in Rogers, we drew upon the "spirit of Guilty Plea Cases, 395 Mich. 96; 235 NW2d 132 (1975), which makes the question of reversal `depend on the nature of the noncompliance'". 417 Mich. 246.
III
The question at hand is whether failure to specifically inform the defendant that he is ineligible for probation warrants reversal of the conviction where a sentence recommendation of a prison term as part of a plea agreement is followed by the sentencing court or there is an on-the-record communication from the trial court to the defendant that he must spend some time in prison. We hold that such failure in these circumstances does not warrant reversal.
The purpose of GCR 1963, 785.7(1)(f) is to provide a defendant who pleads guilty to one of the *194 crimes enumerated therein with information, to wit, that he cannot receive probation as a sentence. As noted earlier in this opinion, in People v Jackson, we concluded that where a defendant pleads guilty pursuant to a sentence bargain arrangement and he is sentenced in accordance with that arrangement, the failure of the trial court to impart the advice that probation is not a possibility will not affect the validity of the plea. The ratio decidendi there was that the bargain entered into served to inform the defendant that he was going to receive a prison sentence, the obvious negative inference of which was that probation was not a possibility. Three of the instant cases are ones in which there was not a sentence bargain, but rather a sentence recommendation which was ultimately followed by the sentencing court. Two of the cases are ones in which the trial court specifically informed the defendant that there was a minimum prison sentence to be imposed. Thus, in these cases we are satisfied that the defendants had no reasonable expectation that they might receive a probationary sentence. In fact, just the opposite is true. In the sentence recommendation cases, an agreement was reached just as surely as in sentence bargain cases. The defendant "bargained" for a sentence recommendation which he felt to be of a more favorable nature than one which might be imposed without a sentence recommendation. In the cases involving the rendition of advice to the effect that the defendant had to spend a minimum term in prison, it is clear that the corollary of such advice was that the defendant was not going to receive a probationary term. Thus, in these cases it may be said that the defendants either knew or should have known on the basis of the circumstances extant that they would receive prison terms. Accordingly, to reverse *195 these convictions because of the failure to render advice concerning the unavailability of probation would indeed be to exalt form over substance contrary to the spirit of Guilty Plea Cases.
In Hall and Wiltsie, the Court of Appeals affirmed the convictions. In McKendrick, Chatman, and Latty, the Court of Appeals reversed the convictions. For the aforesaid reasons, pursuant to GCR 1963, 853.2(4), in lieu of granting leave to appeal, we reverse the judgments of the Court of Appeals in McKendrick, Chatman, and Latty, and reinstate those defendants' convictions, and we affirm the judgments of the Court of Appeals in Hall and in Wiltsie. In all other respects, the applications for leave to appeal in these cases are denied.
CAVANAGH, J., not participating as to Latty.
WILLIAMS, C.J., and KAVANAGH, LEVIN, RYAN, BRICKLEY, CAVANAGH, and BOYLE, JJ., concurred.
