Lead Opinion
In this еase a hearing was granted after decision by the district court of appeal because of the earnest insistence of the attorney-general that the statute defining burglary in this state had been misconstrued. After á careful consideration of the authorities relied upon by *113 petitioner, we are satisfied with the opinion of the district court of appeal, second district, heretofore filed herein and written by the Honorable Justice Craig and we adopt said opinion as the opinion of this court, as follows:
“The appellant, Venice Gibbons, and two codefendants, Tippen and Simpson, were charged jointly by an information filed by the district attorney of Los Angeles county with burglary, with receiving stolen property, and conspiracy to commit a felony. During the trial counts two and three, charging receiving stolen gоods and conspiracy to commit a felony, respectively, were dismissed. Appellant was convicted of burglary in the second degree, and from the judgment pronounced by the court thereon he appeals.
“ It is first contendеd that the verdict is contrary to the evidence because, it is said, the structure from which the evidence tended to show the stolen property to have been taken was not of such a nature as to permit of the crime of burglary bеing committed therein. In this regard the record discloses that certain aluminum was taken from a bin having three sides and a roof. However, the roof consisted of the floor of a building called by the witnesses a ‘bag house, ’ which it was testified was cоmpletely enclosed. The side of the bin which was open, faced on a yard which was entirely fenced but there was no roof over the yard. In response to questions by the trial court, the witness Snyder, an officer of the corporаtion owning the premises from which the aluminum was taken, stated that the bin is not a cellar or basement, that it is on a level with thе lot, that over this bin is ‘a bag house for the reception of all smokes,’ that the floor of the bag house is up from the ground some six or eight feet, and forms the roof of the bin, ‘and it is walled in except one side.’
“It is true, as stated in People v. Coffee,52 Cal. App. 118 [198 Pac. 213 ], that in this state the statutory definition of burglary is much more comprehensive than the definition of the same offense at common law. In that case a сhicken house was held to be a structure which might be burglarized. The same was the ruling in People v. Stickman,3 Cal. 242 , and in People v. Franco,79 Cal. App. 682 [250 Pac. 698 ], a showcase was broken open. It wаs held that the taking of shoes therefrom was burglary, because, it was pointed out, the showcase was a part of, and *114 was under the roof of the store building to which it was attached, and the court concluded that such a showcase was a ‘house’ within the meaning of section 459 of our Penal Code.
“However, in each of these cases, and others cited in People v. Franco, supra, the structure had four sides and a roof. The showcase wаs completely enclosed, and so were the chicken houses. We are cited to no case, and know of none, where the element of the definition of burglary which requires a breaking into some kind of structure has been held to bе nonessential. The common law, of course, required that the building be a human habitation. This is not necessary under our statutеs, but as said in People v. Coffee, supra, the structure need only be one having four sides and a roof.
The bin in question being open on one side does not measure up to that definition. This case may be another example of a guilty man escaping punishment becаuse the prosecuting officer has persisted in pressing a charge which is not justified under the evidence when apрarently there was ample evidence to sustain a verdict of guilty of grand theft. It is the duty of this court, of course, to apply the law to the record before us, and since the testimony is uncontradicted in establishing the facts as above related, the defendant’s contention is fully sustained.
“It is not necessary to pass upon other points presented by the аppellant.”
The judgment is reversed.
Dissenting Opinion
I dissent. I find myself unable to agree with the conclusions reached by a majority of the court to the effеct that the offense proved was not burglary. The information charged the defendant with unlawfully entering “the outhouse and building” with the intent to commit larceny therein. The proof showed conclusively to my mind that the portion of the structure which was entered was an integral part of a building having four sides and a roof and satisfied the definition of numerous structures named in seсtion 459 of the Penal Code. That section provides: “Every person who enters any house, room, apartment, tenement, shop, warehouse, store, mill, barn, stable, outhouse or other building, tent, vessel, railroad car, mine,
*115
or any underground portion thereof, with intent to commit grand or petit larceny or any felony is guilty of burglary.” The fact that the portion of the building entered was for convenience left open on the one side facing the private service yard would nоt, in my opinion, remove the structure from the definition of a “building” as contemplated by the code section. The structure described in the evidence is no more open than was the stairway leading to the store involved in
People
v.
Franco,