64 Cal. 253 | Cal. | 1883
The defendant was charged with „the crime of murder. His defense ivas that of alibi—he claiming that, at the time the deceased was killed, he (defendant) was at certain'' rooms about three blocks distant from where the murder was committed. Upon that question the evidence was conflicting. And upon that state of facts the defendant, through his counsel, requested the court to charge the jury as follows: —
“Whilst the prosecution must establish beyond a reasonable doubt the guilt of the defendant, it is not incumbent on the defendant to prove an alibi beyond a reasonable doubt. Though the evidence offered to establish an alibi falls short of the weight of moral certainty as to the existence of the alibi, yet if it leave in the minds of the jury such a doubt or uncertainty that taken by itself they could not find for or against the alibi, they are bound to carry such doubt into the case of the prosecution and to array it there as an element of the reasonable doubt, beyond which the prosecution must establish guilt. The defendant is entitled as much to the benefit of. such doubt as to any other doubt raised by the evidence; and if its weight, alone or added to that of any other, be sufficient to reduce belief in their minds as to the defendant’s guilt to a reasonable doubt, they must acquit.”
This instruction the court below refused to give, but in its stead gave the jury as the law upon the subject of alibi the following:—
“If the jury find the defendant to have been at another place, as for instance in the society’s rooms which have been spoken of in the evidence at the time of this alleged shooting; and if his being there then creates a reasonable doubt of his having been present at the place of the alleged crime at the time of its alleged commission, he should have the benefit of that reasonable doubt and be acquitted.”
The instruction requested was substantially correct, ánd should have been given. The charge given was incorrect, and
The dying declaration of the deceased was properly admitted in evidence, but the declaration included some matter foreign to an instrument of that nature, and which should have been excluded by the court beloAV from the consideration of the jury. We allude to the following statement of the declarant : —
“ I don’t know any reason that Fong Ah Sing had for shooting me, unless it was that a feAV days before the shooting I was bathing my feet up stairs over a room in Avhich Fong All Sing was sitting, and I spilled a little Avater on the floor, and some of it leaked through the floor and fell upon Fong Ah Sing. Fong Ah Sing Avas very angry thereat, and told the proprietor of the house that I must apologize and make him some present to prevent bad luck coming upon the house. The proprietor did*256 make some little present to Fong Ah Sing, and I supposed the matter was settled.”
Dying declarations are restricted to the act of killing, and to the circumstances immediately attending it and forming a part of the res gestee. When they relate to former and distinct transactions they do not come within the principle of necessity on which such declarations are received. (Wharton’s Crim. Ev. § 278; 1 Greenleaf on Ev. § 156; State v. Draper, 65 Mo. 335; Leiber v. Commonwealth, 9 Bush, 11; Moses v. The State, 11 Humph. 232; The State v. Shelton, 2 Jones, 360; Nelson v. The State, 7 Humph. 542; Hackett v. The People, 54 Barb. 370.)
Judgment and order reversed and cause remanded for a new trial.
McKinstry, J., Sharpstein, J., McKee, J., Myrick, J., and Thornton, J., concurred.