191 N.W.2d 321 | Mich. | 1971
PEOPLE
v.
CROSS
Supreme Court of Michigan.
*239 Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Robert A. Derengoski, Solicitor General, Robert F. Leonard, Prosecuting Attorney, and Donald A. Kuebler, Chief Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for the people.
Everett V. Cross, in propria persona.
PER CURIAM:
We hereby adopt the opinion of Chief Judge LESINSKI in this case (reported at 30 Mich. App. 326, 330-347 [1971]) as the opinion of this Court.
Affirmed.
T.M. KAVANAGH, C.J., and ADAMS, T.G. KAVANAGH, and WILLIAMS, JJ., concurred.
BLACK, J. (dissenting).
I agree with dissenting Judge HOLBROOK (People v. Cross [1971], 30 Mich. App. 326, 347, 348) that the way to present the reviewable question with the precision it deserves is as follows:
"Is a convicted criminal defendant entitled to free copies of the circuit court records of his case where the trial court at sentencing informed him in open court as well as in writing of his constitutional right *240 to appellate review; free counsel and records to perfect such appeal if indigent, and that such petition must be filed with the trial court within 60 days of sentencing to be timely, and failure to timely file would result in loss of the right to timely appeal, free counsel and records, and appellant stated that he understood those rights, but where defendant files his petition for free records 90 days after sentencing, but fails to show that the delay in filing was not due to his culpable negligence, and fails to show that he has a meritorious basis for either post-conviction motions or an appeal?"
People v. Cross was submitted to Division 2 November 24, 1970 and decided February 11, 1971. These dates considered, it is possible that the Sixth Circuit opinion of Bentley v. United States, 431 F2d 250, decided September 2, 1970, was not brought to the attention of Division 2 prior to release of its cited opinion. Bentley at least is not mentioned either in the majority or minority opinion below.
Since Bentley furnishes what to me is sufficient guidance so far as Mr. Cross' Federal constitutional rights are concerned, I hold that the majority below erred in ruling as it did (pp 345, 346):
"Admittedly, there is no decision of the United States Supreme Court, nor of either appellate court of this state, which specifically deals with the rights of an indigent seeking leave to take a delayed appeal from his conviction under the provisions of GCR 1963, 803.3, and GCR 1963, 806.4(2), or under any like provisions in any other state. This is undoubtedly because the Michigan provision for delayed appeal is sui generis. However, considering the wide range of post-conviction situations in which the United States Supreme Court had held that denial of a transcript constitutes denial of equal protection of the laws, we cannot say that the Michigan *241 provision for delayed appeal does not come within the ambit of the Griffin principle."
In the absence of any overriding decision of the United States Supreme Court, this state is free to set as it has done a fair time limit upon each and every constitutionally provided (Const 1963, art 1, § 20) "appeal as a matter of right". That this state has done. Judge HOLBROOK was therefore right when he concluded (p 352):
"Defendant having not complied with the General Court Rules nor having cited any case in the United States Supreme Court directly in point requiring the state to furnish transcripts and records to a defendant under similar circumstances, I would rule as did the trial court and affirm."
Now for Bentley. The opinion commences (p 251):
"The sole question posed by this appeal is whether or not appellant is entitled to be furnished a copy of the transcript of his trial in order to search for as yet unasserted grounds for filing a motion for postconviction relief under 28 U.S.C. § 2255 (1964). Appellant relies for an affirmative answer upon Griffin v. Illinois, 351 U.S. 12, 76 S. Ct. 585, 100 L. Ed. 891 (1955), and its progeny."
It concludes (p 254):
"We conclude that if the Supreme Court desires now to hold that a prior showing of need cannot constitutionally be made a requisite for a free transcript for an indigent who desires to file a § 2255 petition, this case affords a wholly appropriate vehicle to do so.
"If this decision is made affirmatively, Congressional appropriations will be required to finance some considerable expansion of the reportorial and *242 stenographic services available to the District Courts. Our Circuit can, of course, decide the right to transcripts. But under the existing shortage of reportorial and secretarial services in this Circuit, we cannot deliver many of them. It seems appropriate to us under these circumstances to adhere to this Circuit's past decisions until and unless the Supreme Court invalidates on constitutional grounds the existing issue and need requirements of the statute set forth above."
February 22, 1971 the Supreme Court denied Bentley's petition for certiorari to review the judgment of the Sixth Circuit, 401 U.S. 920 (91 S. Ct. 907, 27 L. Ed. 2d 823). Recognizing that the denial of certiorari "imports no expression of opinion upon the merits of the case, as the bar has been told many times." (United States v. Carver [1923], 260 U.S. 482, 490 [43 S. Ct. 181, 67 L. Ed. 361]), I conclude that the opinion of the Sixth Circuit with its invitation to employ Bentley as "a wholly appropriate vehicle," coupled with the Supreme Court's turn-down of that invitation, leaves the courts of the states free to apply their own wholesome processes to cases of instant nature.
Until we are told otherwise, there is no good reason why this Court should decree that a procrastinating indigent convict may, without deign of exposition aimed either at the merits or proffer of excuse for delay, receive at public expense the free delivery of copies of records pertaining to his conviction. When the rich must resort to Rule 806.2 et seq. for relief after having failed to review on time, so must the indigent do so. Our only obligation is to see that both are treated alike without regard for the availability of cash.
The sum of all this is that Mr. Cross has been denied no constitutional right. He, no more than *243 the dallying millionaire convict, may put public officers and employees to work preparing copies solely for his whim. Let both show merit under GCR 1963, 806.3 and no culpable negligence under GCR 1963, 806.4 and each on the basis of repeated judicial assurances may expect equal justice, under law.
I would reverse with remand for entry of judgment upholding the order of the circuit court.
T.E. BRENNAN and SWAINSON, JJ., concurred with BLACK, J.