People v. ChaneyPeople v. Chaney
Decided and Entered: April 26, 2018
Calendar Date: March 29, 2018
Before: Garry, P.J., Egan Jr., Devine, Aarons and Rumsey, JJ.
Aaron A. Louridas, Delmar, for appellant, and appellant pro se.
P. David Soares, District Attorney, Albany (Emily A. Schultz of counsel), for respondent.
Rumsey, J.
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
Appeals (1) from a judgment of the County Court of Albany County (Lynch, J.), rendered July 9, 2015, convicting defendant upon his plea of guilty of the crime of criminal possession of a controlled substance in the fourth degree, and (2) by permission, from two orders of said court, entered August 18, 2016 and March 23, 2017, which denied defendant‘s motions pursuant to
Initially, defendant‘s combined oral and written waiver of appeal is valid (see People v Tulip, 150 AD3d 1564, 1565 [2017]). The plea minutes reflect that defendant was advised that a waiver of appeal was a condition of the plea agreement, County Court explained that defendant ordinarily retained the right to
Defendant claims that the SCI was jurisdictionally defective. While this claim survives the valid appeal waiver and is not subject to preservation rules (see People v Pierce, 14 NY3d 564, 570 n 2 [2010]), it lacks merit. An SCI “is jurisdictionally defective only if it does not effectively charge the defendant with the commission of a particular crime — for instance, if it fails to allege that the defendant committed acts constituting every material element of the crime charged” (People v D‘Angelo, 98 NY2d 733, 734-735 [2002]; see People v Brice, 146 AD3d 1152, 1153-1154 [2016], lv denied 29 NY3d 996 [2017]). Here, the SCI “cited the pertinent Penal Law section and recited the statutory elements of the crime and, accordingly, [it] was not jurisdictionally defective” (People v Dubois, 150 AD3d 1562, 1564 [2017]; see People v Kamburelis, 100 AD3d 1189, 1189-1190 [2012]). Defendant‘s challenges to the evidence underlying the charge and to the sufficiency of the factual allegations are nonjurisdictional in nature and, thus, precluded by the guilty plea and appeal waiver (see People v Brice, 146 AD3d at 1154; People v Young, 100 AD3d 1186, 1188 [2012], lv denied 21 NY3d 1021 [2013]; People v George, 261 AD2d 711, 713 [1999], lv denied 93 NY2d 1018 [1999]).
Next, we reject defendant‘s argument that County Court failed to abide by the sentencing promise. While defendant is correct that, “a guilty plea induced by an unfulfilled promise either must be vacated or the promise honored” (People v Collier, 22 NY3d 429, 433 [2013] [internal quotation marks, brackets and citation omitted], cert denied ___ US ___, 134 S Ct 2730 [2014]), the record reflects that he in fact received the promised sentence. To that end, County Court advised defendant during the plea allocution that the agreed-upon 2 1/2-year prison sentence would be concurrent with the one-year sentence that he was then serving on the Schenectady County conviction; the court then explicitly informed him that, because he had been released on his own recognizance on this charge following his arraignment and had not been incarcerated on this charge, he would receive jail credit for the time he had served to date against the Schenectady County sentence only. The court revoked his release on this charge and advised him that he would receive jail credit against this sentence from that date forward. The court further explained that, in recognition of the fact that defendant would not be receiving jail credit against this crime for the time to date that he had been in jail on the Schenectady County matter, the plea offer had previously been reduced by the People from three years to 2 1/2 years, with two years of postrelease supervision. Defendant indicated that he understood and agreed, and thereafter pleaded guilty. Thus, contrary to his claim, the court fully honored the plea agreement.1
Defendant‘s claim that County Court abdicated its sentencing responsibility is belied by the record. At sentencing, defendant requested, in lieu of the agreed-upon prison term, that the court impose judicial diversion (see CPL 216.05 [4]) or parole supervision (see CPL 410.91). The court explained its reasons for declining these requests,2 including that defendant had previously been rejected from drug court and that it found no reason to deviate from the plea agreement, while expressly recognizing that it retained sentencing discretion to deviate from that agreement (while allowing the People an opportunity to withdraw consent to the plea agreement). As the court was aware of and exercised its discretionary sentencing authority, we discern no error (see People v Schultz, 73 NY2d 757, 758 [1988]; People v Farrar, 52 NY2d 302, 305-306 [1981]; People v Mattucci, 92 AD3d 1029, 1029-1030 [2012], lv denied 19 NY3d 964 [2012]).
Further, we find that County Court properly denied defendant‘s pro se motions to, among other requested relief, vacate the judgment of conviction and set aside the sentence, without hearings. “On a motion to vacate a judgment of conviction, a hearing is only required if the submissions ‘show that the nonrecord facts sought to be established are material and would entitle the defendant to relief‘” (People v Brandon, 133 AD3d 901, 903-904 [2015] [brackets omitted], lvs denied 27 NY3d 992, 1000 [2016], quoting People v. Satterfield, 66 NY2d 796, 799 [1985]; see CPL 440.30 [5]). With regard to defendant‘s contentions that suppression hearings should have been held, the record reflects that he never moved to suppress the evidence and, accordingly, his valid guilty plea, in which he expressly waived the right to pretrial hearings and defenses, and his appeal waiver waived any challenge to the admissibility of evidence (see CPL 710.70 [3]; People v Felker, 155 AD3d 1258, 1259 [2016]; see also People v Sanders, 25 NY3d at 342).
Defendant‘s claim that he was deprived of the effective assistance of counsel due to counsel‘s failure to move to suppress certain evidence survives the appeal waiver only to the extent that it implicates the voluntariness of his guilty plea, but it was not preserved for appellate review (see CPL 220.60 [3]; People v Hall, 147 AD3d 1151, 1152 [2017], lv denied 29 NY3d 1080 [2017]; People v Wicks, 83 AD3d 1223, 1225 [2011], lv denied 17 NY3d 810 [2011]). As defendant could have raised this issue prior to sentencing and unjustifiably failed to do so, and the necessary facts do not appear in the record on direct appeal, County Court properly denied the motion to vacate the judgment on this ground (see CPL 440.10 [3] [a]; People v Howe, 150 AD3d 1321, 1323 [2017]; People v Oddy, 144 AD3d 1322, 1324 [2016], lv denied 29 NY3d 1131 [2017]). “In any event, the failure to request a suppression hearing, standing alone, does not establish that defense counsel provided ineffective assistance, particularly in the absence of any basis upon which to conclude that a defendant had a colorable claim or that counsel‘s actions were not premised upon a legitimate strategy” (People v Hall, 147 AD3d at 1152 [internal quotation marks and citations omitted]). Defendant‘s conclusory and unsupported allegations fail to establish any basis upon which to find that there was a viable claim for suppression or that counsel lacked a strategic reason for proceeding without a suppression motion, namely, the advantageous plea offer; thus, the motion was properly denied without a hearing (see CPL 440.10 [3] [a];
Defendant‘s request in the motion for DNA testing on a jacket where the drugs were located is not warranted because the crime he pleaded guilty to — criminal possession of a controlled substance in the fourth degree — is not among the crimes for which County Court must grant a motion seeking DNA evidence (see CPL 440.30 [1-a] [a] [2]). Defendant‘s further request to “expand the record” on appeal to permit him, among other things, to make statements relative to sentencing was properly denied, as this request was not made at sentencing and the record further reflects that he and defense counsel were afforded a full and fair opportunity to be heard at sentencing (see CPL 380.50 [1];
Finally, with regard to defendant‘s claims of actual innocence, his submissions failed to establish his “factual innocence” (People v Howe, 150 AD3d at 1323 [internal quotation marks and citation omitted]; accord People v Caldavado, 26 NY3d 1034, 1037 [2015]). We have considered all of the remaining aspects of defendant‘s first motion to vacate the judgment of conviction pursuant to
Garry, P.J., Egan Jr., Devine and Aarons, JJ., concur.
ORDERED that the judgment and orders are affirmed.