People v. Casborus

| N.Y. Sup. Ct. | Aug 15, 1816

- Spencer, J.,

delivered the opinion of the court. The defendant, on his arraignment, pleaded, that he had before been indicted, tried, and convicted for the same felony; that, upon his motion, the judgment had been arrested, and that he had been discharged from that judgment. It is admitted, that the forjper, and present, indictment, are, in every respect, similar. To this plea the district attorney demurred; the plea was overruled, and the defendant was thereupon tried and convicted, and sentenced to imprisonment in the state prison.

It was decided, in the case of The People v. Barret & Ward, (1 Johns. Rep. 66.,) that a person, after an acquittal, might be indicted and tried the second time, if the first indictment was erroneous, so that no good judgment could be given upon it; and where a court of competent jurisdiction arrest a judgment at the instance of the defendant, it must be intended, legally,, that the indictment was vicious, fop the judgment cannot be re= viewed on a writ of error;, as an arrest of judgment is a mere refusal, on the\part of the court, to give judgment, every court is bound to pay that respect to a court of co-ordiháté jurisdic* tion, as to presume fts judgment to be. according to law, when it is presented for consideration collaterally.

U'he effect óf arresting a. judgment is the same as quashing an' indictment;. the latterháppens before trial, the former after,) arid, in this case., it appears to me, that as no writ of error could: be brought upon the decision of the court of a^ssibqis.-aikdstitig; the judgment,, that proceeding is not a bar to any other,for the - ■same matter. - In analogy to civil cases, the arrest of judgment: cannot be pleaded in bar. to. ariother prosecution fot the saíneinafter,- because there is no judgment of the court susceptible, of review. ' - • ' ;

. It is stated here, that the two indictments/ are,-111 every re*: sp'ect, similar ; hut this is hot so pleaded, and, if it had been* the consequence would be the same’; as ■already observed, in this collateral way, .wé must presume, • from the judgment, being, arrested, that the indictment was erroneous,- ánd if erroneous,: then a conviction Would not bar another good indictment. It is. in vain to say, either that the former indictment W.'as good, br •that this, -being libé it, must be holden to be bad also, because the other was adjudged to be’bad* We must take it as ’a settled; point,.that the other indictment was bad, however the fact map be; .and we are not to be told, that- this is a bad indictment, teérely-bn the authority of íhé sessions, Wé must see if ifbe. bad, and this is not even pretended.' ,■'!.! • . - -.’*••

, For these reasons, I think -the plea of chderfois acquit was properly .'overruled, and such is the Opinion of thé'courU . - .