230 Cal. App. 3d 1449 | Cal. Ct. App. | 1991
Opinion
Michael Edward Berry was convicted of perjury following a court trial. (Pen. Code, § 118.)
Factual and Procedural Background
At an order to show cause hearing re-modification of child support and visitation held February 8, 1988, in a family court proceeding,
At Berry’s perjury trial (§ 118), the court admitted into evidence the reporter’s transcript of the family court proceedings. We need not further discuss the showing made of the facts of the offense, since Berry has not challenged the sufficiency of the evidence to support his conviction.
Following his conviction Berry was granted probation on various conditions. He has filed a timely notice of appeal.
Discussion
Berry claims his appearance at a family support calendar on an order to show cause created a duty on the part of the court to advise him of his Fifth Amendment rights before he testified. He bases this claim on a contention the family court review hearing should be considered to be the equivalent of a criminal matter, because any testimony he gave which might show noncompliance with the original order might subject him to contempt proceedings. (Code Civ. Proc., § 1209.5.)
Here, the mother of Berry’s child sought modification of a child support order. Berry had originally appeared on February 8, 1988, on the order to show cause and had obtained a reduction in the amount of his child support payments. The matter was then set for review on May 24, 1988. At that time, Berry was required to appear in the family court to show cause why child support should not be increased. He was not served with an order to show cause re contempt and was not then at risk of punishment by the court.
The privilege against compelled self-incrimination is available to persons appearing before civil or administrative tribunals if the statement to be taken could be incriminating. (In re Gault (1967) 387 U.S. 1, 49 [18 L.Ed.2d 527, 558, 87 S.Ct. 1428]; Cramer v. Tyars (1979) 23 Cal.3d 131, 137 [151 Cal.Rptr. 653, 588 P.2d 793].) Such persons may not be required to give evidence that would tend to incriminate them in any criminal activity and which could subject them to criminal prosecution. (23 Cal.3d at p. 138.) The burden of claiming the privilege is, however, ordinarily on the person who seeks its protection. (Evid. Code, §§ 940, 404.)
Admittedly, there are times where a trial judge would be aware from the circumstances of the case of the potential for self-incrimination on the part of a witness. In such cases the trial court has a duty to protect the witness by either informing that person of his or her constitutional rights or by the appointment of counsel for that purpose. (People v. Warren (1984) 161 Cal.App.3d 961, 972 [207 Cal.Rptr. 912]; People v. Seastone (1969) 3 Cal.App.3d 60, 68 [82 Cal.Rptr. 907]; People v. Schroeder (1991) 227 Cal.App.3d 784, 788 [278 Cal.Rptr. 237].) This is not such a case.
None of the cases cited by the parties, nor any we have reviewed, requires a court to admonish all witnesses or persons appearing before the court concerning the privilege against self-incrimination. The cases discussing such a duty on the part of the trial court have all involved situations where something in the circumstances of the hearing put the judge on notice of the possibility of self-incrimination, e.g., persons identified as coconspirators or perpetrators of some specific crime. (See, e.g., People v. Warren, supra, 161 Cal.App.3d 961, 972.) Moreover, no case brought to our attention has applied a rule of exclusion against the later use of such testimony as is currently being urged by Berry with respect to his perjury trial.
When Berry appeared before the family court on May 24, 1988, he was there for the continuation of a hearing to determine the appropriate amount of child support he should be required to pay. By his statements to the court both before and after he was sworn, he claimed the wage assignment procedure was in effect. The representative for the county raised the possibility that some other type of wage deduction might have been made. Read in context, Berry’s statements did not tend to show he had participated in any criminal activity that would subject him to possible prosecution. (Cramer v. Tyars, supra, 23 Cal.3d 131, 138.)
Disposition
The judgment is affirmed.
Froehlich, J., and Nares, J., concurred.
All statutory references are to the Penal Code unless otherwise specified.
The family court proceeding in which Berry appeared was In re the Matter of Carol Marie Strasser and Michael Edward Berry (Super. Ct. San Diego County, 1987, No. D235528). The trial court in Berry’s perjury case took judicial notice of the family court file. We therefore take judicial notice of that file and have reviewed the order to show cause and the order after hearing concerning his May 24, 1988, appearance. (Evid. Code, § 459, subd. (a).)
Berry’s testimony at the hearing is recorded in the reporter’s transcript of the family court proceeding, which was received into evidence at Berry’s perjury trial. Pursuant to California Rules of Court, rule 10(d), that exhibit has been transmitted to this court for our review.
Code of Civil Procedure section 1209.5, reads as follows: “When a court of competent jurisdiction makes an order compelling a parent to furnish support or necessary food, clothing, shelter, medical attendance, or other remedial care for his child, proof that such order was made, filed, and served on the parent or proof that the parent was present in court at the time the order was pronounced and proof of noncompliance therewith shall be prima facie evidence of a contempt of court.”