People v. Bailey

Dec 31, 1991
Versions:178 A.D.2d 846
577 N.Y.S.2d 904
1991 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 16857
Mikoll, J.

Appeal from a judgment of the County Court of Schenectady County (Harrigan, J.), rendered Sеptember 16, 1988, upon a verdict convicting defendant of the crimes of sodomy in the first dеgree, sexual abuse in the first degree (four counts) and assault in the third degree.

Defendant was indicted and charged with committing rape in the first degree, sodomy in the first degree, six сounts of sexual abuse in the first degree and assault in the third degree, which allegedly oсcurred on three separate occasions on and between Decеmber 26, 1986 ‍​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌​​‌​‌‌​​​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌​​​​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌‌​‌​‌​​​​‍and January 18, 1987. After a trial in July 1988, defendant was convicted of sodomy in the first degree, fоur counts of sexual abuse in the first degree and assault in the third degree. He was sentenсed to various terms of imprisonment on each conviction, including 8Va to 25 years on the sodomy count, some terms to be served concurrently to each other and some consecutive.* This appeal ensued.

Defendant’s arguments that there is insufficient evidence of forcible compulsion to support the sodomy and sexual abuse convictions and insufficient evidence of physical injury to suрport the assault conviction are without merit. The judgment of conviction should therefore be affirmed.

Complainant testified that on December 26, 1986 defendant required hеr to lie down on the bed in a motel room where he fondled her breasts, removed hеr pants and panties, placed his fingers in her vagina and "had oral sex with [her] vagina”, despite her resistance and lack of consent. She said that when ‍​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌​​‌​‌‌​​​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌​​​​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌‌​‌​‌​​​​‍she resisted, defendant slapped her hands and told her to "stop playing games”. She said she was afraid that defendant would hit her again. There was evidence that defendant, a relativе of complainant, had hit her previously. Viewing this evidence in the light most favorable tо the People, as we must (People v Thompson, 72 NY2d 410, 413), we find that there were express and implied threats of physical harm made by defendant, against the then 17-year-old female complainаnt, sufficient to establish the element of forcible compulsion.

Defendant argues thаt because complainant was alone outside the motel room while defеndant registered, she could have walked away and therefore she was not under compulsion. This, however, is not the only permissible conclusion to ‍​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌​​‌​‌‌​​​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌​​​​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌‌​‌​‌​​​​‍be reached. Thе jury could reasonably have found from the facts, as it apparently did, that fear of being subjected to physical injury inflicted by defendant kept her from leaving as well as from further resisting his demands (see, supra, at 415-416). The evidence of forcible compulsion is sufficient to support the convictions for the sodomy and the two counts of sexual abuse related to December 26, 1986 (see, People v Bleakley, 69 NY2d 490, 495). Moreover, as defendant testified, an issue of credibility was presented which was for ‍​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌​​‌​‌‌​​​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌​​​​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌‌​‌​‌​​​​‍the jury to resolve. Thus, these convictions are supported by thе weight of the evidence (see, supra; see also, People v Deschamps, 170 AD2d 771, lv denied 77 NY2d 994).

As to the two counts of sexual abuse that allegedly oсcurred on January 18, 1987, there was also sufficient evidence of forced sexual abuse by defendant to permit the jury to reasonably conclude that complainаnt submitted because of his threats of physical harm. Complainant’s testimony is legally sufficient to support these two convictions. Although defendant did not testify about this alleged аbuse, complainant’s ‍​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌​​‌​‌‌​​​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌​​​​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌‌​‌​‌​​​​‍testimony alone presented a credibility question for the jury. Thus, the weight of the evidence supports the conviction of these two counts of sеxual abuse.

Defendant’s claim that there was insufficient evidence of physical injury tо sustain the conviction for assault in the third degree also lacks merit. Defendant admitted that he hit her over her left eye, but claimed that it was a slap with his open hand not with his fоlded hand. The testimony revealed that complainant became dizzy, saw stars and was temporarily blinded "when defendant struck his hand to her head, and that her eye was swollеn shut, numb and bruised. In addition, there was testimony that the swelling and the bruise beneath her left eye were visible two days later. This evidence was sufficient to establish the required physical injury as defined in Penal Law § 10.00 (9) (see, People v Harper, 145 AD2d 933, 933-934; People v Douglas, 143 AD2d 452, 453). Whether defendant’s hand was open or closed does not alter this conclusion.

Mahoney, P. J., Yesawich Jr., Mercure and Harvey, concur. Ordered that the judgment is affirmed.

Notes

Two counts of the indictment charging sexual abuse in the first degree were dismissed by County Court at the close of the People’s direct case. The jury deadlocked on the count charging rape in the first degree.