120 A.D.2d 319 | N.Y. App. Div. | 1986
OPINION OF THE COURT
At issue in this case is the so-called ethical dilemma faced by defense attorneys when a client expresses a desire to perjure himself. Here, defendant, charged with robbery in the first degree, was offered a plea bargain of six months in jail and five years of probation in exchange for his plea of guilty to a class D felony and his testimony against his codefendant. Although he insisted upon his and his codefendant’s innocence, defendant expressed a desire to accept this plea agreement. Defense counsel, however, informed defendant that he could not accept the plea as long as he continued to insist upon his innocence, since by taking the plea and testifying against his codefendant he would be committing perjury. Counsel further told defendant that otherwise, if he wanted to take the plea, he should fire defense counsel and hire another attorney. In addition, counsel attempted to negotiate an Alford plea (see, North Carolina v Alford, 400 US 25) so that defendant would not have to admit his guilt. However, County Court was unwilling to accept such a plea. Defense counsel continued representing defendant, the case proceeded to trial, and defendant was convicted of robbery in the first degree, a conviction which was affirmed by this court (103 AD2d 860, lv denied 63 NY2d 945).
Defendant thereafter moved to vacate his conviction pursuant to CPL 440.10 (1) and to set aside his sentence pursuant to CPL 440.20 (1), contending that he had been denied effective assistance of counsel. Finding that defense counsel should not have refused to allow defendant to accept the plea agreement, County Court set aside defendant’s sentence, ordered resentencing in accordance with the plea agreement, vacated defendant’s conviction and provided him with an opportunity to plead guilty to a class D felony. The People have appealed.
We find that County Court erred in vacating defendant’s conviction and setting aside his sentence. Although we agree with defendant that, if in fact defense counsel’s conduct in refusing to allow defendant to accept the plea agreement constituted a deprivation of defendant’s rights, the fact that
County Court apparently was of the opinion that defense counsel violated Code of Professional Responsibility, EC 7-7 by preventing defendant from accepting the plea agreement, and that, instead, he should have simply revealed to the court defendant’s intention to commit perjury. We would note, however, that breach of an ethical standard would not necessarily constitute ineffective assistance of counsel (Nix v Whiteside, 475 US —, —, 106 S Ct 988, 994), and at any rate we are unwilling to consider defense counsel’s conduct as a breach of an ethical standard, given his duty not to assist in the presentation of perjured testimony. With regard to County Court’s belief that defense counsel properly should have informed the court of defendant’s intent to commit perjury, we note that "[i]t is always easy with the advantage of hindsight to point out where trial counsel went awry” (People v Baldi, 54 NY2d 137, 146). Assuming that County Court’s suggestion would have provided a better way for defense counsel to proceed, we cannot say that the method actually followed deprived defendant of his rights. Accordingly, defendant’s conviction for robbery in the first degree and sentence of 6% to 20 years’ imprisonment should be reinstated.
Kane, J. P., Yesawich, Jr., Levine and Harvey, JJ., concur.
Order reversed, on the law and the facts, and motion
