63 P. 342 | Cal. | 1901
Lead Opinion
The opinion of the Department heretofore filed herein, is modified so as to read as follows:
Addendum
This is a proceeding in quo warranto to test the legal existence of Levee District No. 6. The other defendants are the officers of the district. The case was heard and determined upon an agreed statement of facts, which are the findings in the case. Upon these facts judgment was rendered for defendants, and plaintiff appeals. Levee District No. 6 was organized under the act of March 25, 1868. (Stats. 1867-68, p. 316.) By virtue of that act Levee District No. 1 was created, and there was provided a scheme for the organization and government of other levee districts which might thereafter be formed. But section 21 of the act setting forth the method of organization for such districts has been declared unconstitutional and void. (Moulton v. Parks,
"Notwithstanding this fatal irregularity in its organization, the legislature made distinct recognition of the existence of the district by an act approved March 30, 1872 (Stats. 1871-72, p. 734); and again by acts approved March 31, 1891. (Stats. 1891, pp. 235, 237.) The first of these acts of recognition was passed under the constitution of 1849, the latter two under the present constitution. That they are positive acts of recognition sufficient to invest the district with the functions and attributes which it had assumed to exercise under the law of 1868 may not be doubted, under the authority of People v. ReclamationDist. No. 108,
"Appellant still further contends that Levee District No. 6 was a corporation for municipal purposes under the act of 1868 and the act of 1872 recognizing its existence; that a new and distinct organization was perfected for it under the act of March 31, 1891, passed under the present constitution; that the district elected to come under this act and to exercise the corporate functions provided for by the act; that the act itself is void, and that therefore the district is improperly exercising corporate functions, from using which it should be restrained. Since Levee District No. 6 was a legal entity before the passage of the act of March, 1891, if that act be itself void, it would not interfere with the legal existence of *33 Levee District No. 6, and the utmost which the court could do would be to require it to exercise the powers which it had theretofore enjoyed under the act of 1868, and the acts amendatory thereto, and restrain it from exercising any new rights or powers under the act of 1891. But, upon the other hand, respondent insists upon the validity of the act of 1891, and upon its right to exercise the powers conferred upon it by that act, and thus a further consideration of the question is demanded.
"Appellant's argument against the validity of the act of March 31, 1891, is that Levee District No. 6 is a corporation for municipal purposes; that under the constitution corporations for municipal purposes shall not be created by special laws, and that the act of March 31, 1891, dealing, as it does, with Levee District No. 6 alone, and providing a new form of government for it, is a special law.
"Section 1 of article XII of the constitution, having reference to private corporations, provides that they may be formed under general laws, but shall not be created by a special act. Article XI, section 6, of the constitution, declares that corporations for municipal purposes shall not be created by special laws. The act of 1891 is unquestionably a special law. If Levee District No. 6 be a corporation, it is certainly not a private corporation, and must, if it be recognized by the constitution at all, come under the designation of article XI, section 6 — `a corporation for municipal purposes.' And if it be a corporation for municipal purposes within the meaning of that article and section, then indubitably, the act of March, 1891, forcing upon it a new, distinct, and different organization, is special and inhibited legislation. But is Levee District No. 6 a corporation for municipal purposes within the meaning of the constitution? Expressions will be found in the cases where such organizations have been designated `corporations for municipal purposes,' or `public corporations,' or `corporations for public purposes,' but these were convenient phrases of designation and description, rather than judicial declarations as to the nature and character of these agencies. The question propounded is conclusively answered by People v. Reclamation Dist. No. 551,
"The judgment appealed from is therefore affirmed.
"Temple, J., and McFarland, J., concurred."