31 Colo. 476 | Colo. | 1903
delivered the-opinion of the court.
Three separate original proceedings in quo ivarranto were instituted in this court, the object in each
At the general election in 1902 an amendment to the constitution was adopted by the people, which is now article 20 of that instrument. Thereby several independent municipal and quasi-municipal corporations theretofore existing under the general statutes, or by special charter, were consolidated and merged into one body politic called the city and county of Denver. Among these constituent elements was the former city of Denver which, up to the time of the adoption of the amendment, had always existed under a special charter originally granted by the territorial legislature, and amended from time to time by the general assembly of the state. Section 2 of article 20 provides that the officers of the city and county of Denver shall be such as by appointment or election may be provided for by the charter. Section 3 declares that when the governor, by his proclamation, announces the adoption of the amendment, “the terms of office of all officers of the city of Denver and of all included municipalities and of the county of Arapahoe shall terminate; except, .that- the * * * chief of police and boards, pf the city of Denver shall become, respectively, said officers of the city and county of Denver, * * * and shall hold the said offices as above specified only until their successors are duly elected and qualified as herein provided for.” Section 4 ordains: “The charter and ordinances of the city of Denver as the same shall exist when this amendment takes effect} shall, for the time being only, and as far as applicable, be the charter and ordinances of the city and county of Denver. ’ ’
At the time of the adoption of article 20 defendants were members of the fire and police board of the city of Denver under appointment by a former governor made in 1901, and the governor of the state, proceeding upon the assumption that section 45, in so far as it pertains to the power of removal, was still in force and applicable to the conditions then existing, after article 20 took effect, and after the expiration of two years from the date of their original appointment, attempted to remove defendants from office and appoint plaintiffs as their successors. The defendants deny, and plaintiffs assert, the existence of this power, and upon the refusal of defendants, at plaintiff’s demand, to surrender and deliver their offices to plaintiffs, this action was brought by the latter to oust defendants therefrom.
The sole question, then, before the court is whether the governor, since article 20 became a part of our fundamental law, has the power to remove from office the members of the fire and police board of the city and county of Denver. It is conceded that if such power resides with the governor, his procedure in exercising it was authorized. Indeed, this court has expressly so determined in three cases: Trimble v. The People, 19 Colo. 187; In re Fire, etc., Comrs., 19 Colo. 482; People v. Martin, 19 Colo. 565.
If section 3 of article 20 stood alone, there could
This language is so clear and imperative as to leave no room for construction. It interprets itself. Defendants’ term as officers of the city of Denver at once terminated on the taking effect of the amendment. Thereafter they became members of the fire and police board of the city and county of Denver. They were no longer appointees of the governor, because their term as appointees of that official was expressly abolished. They became and are members of the fire and police board of the new corporation as the result of an appointment or election by the people of the entire state through a constitutional amendment which designates them as such officers.
But it is said by plaintiffs that when section 4 made the charter and ordinances of the former city of Denver the charter and ordinances of the consolidated municipality, so far as applicable, section 45 of that charter, wherein is conferred upon the governor the power of removal of all appointees made by him thereunder, is still the law of the new municipality and furnishes the authority for the action of the governor in removing defendants.
The avowed object of the general assembly in submitting, and the presumed intent of the people in ratifying, this amendment must be given effect if the language therein employed will allow, even if the re-
Even if it be conceded that the amendment has but a single object, it might be difficult to express it in one sentence, but it is not necessary here to make that attempt. Certainly, one object was to take from the general assembly all control of the local affairs of the inhabitants of the territory included within the new body politic, and to withdraw from the governor the power which he theretofore possessed to appoint and remove the members of its fire and police board. In short, all must concede that the purpose was to give to the people of the new corporation as large a measure of home rule in municipal affairs as could be granted under a republican form of government which the state is obliged to maintain under its compact with the federal government, as evidenced by the enabling act.
The power to appoint does not necessarily include the power to remove, nor does the power to remove, as a matter of course, involve the power to appoint. Either may exist without the other, and
The abolishment of the terms of office which defendants held in the old city of Denver ended their official connection with that city. After the amendment took effect, the governor could not thereunder, or under the old charter, appoint them, or any other person, as members of the fire and police board for the new corporation, though the two years for which a former governor had appointed them as officers of the ‘
It necessarily follows that the governor had not the power of removal. As the title of plaintiffs is based upon the unwarranted assumption' and exercise of that power, they are not entitled to maintain this action. The proceedings are therefore • dismissed at plaintiffs’ costs. Dismissed.