65 N.Y.S. 451 | N.Y. App. Div. | 1900
Under the charter of the city of Albany, as it was in 1899 (Chap. 298, Laws of 1883, and the amendments thereto), the board of com tract and apportionment consisted of the mayor, the chamberlain, the street commissioner, the city engineer and surveyor, and the' president of the common council. It had charge, under the direction of the common council (Title 9 of charter), of improvements, such as the one covered by the contract in controversy. It issued all proposals, received all bids and awarded all contracts for such work.
On May 1, 1899, the common council passed an act for the improvement of Morton street, and on May 11, 1899, specifications-for the work were filed in the office of the city engineer. The relator was the lowest bidder and the contract was awarded to him. The contract is in the name of the city of Albany, acting by and through its board of contract and apportionment, party of the first part, and was signed by the mayor pursuant to the direction of the board.
The contract, among other things, provided that the board has the power in its discretion to vacate the contract for a neglect or refusal to proceed with the work or for a violation of any or either of its-covenants, terms, conditions and provisions without rendering the. city liable for any damages therefor.
By section W of the contract the contractor agreed that all laborers employed in the performance of the contract should receive for a legal day’s work not less than the prevailing rate of wages in the trade or calling in which such laborers are employed in the locality ; that eight hours should constitute a legal • day’s work, and that no laborer should be employed on the work for more than eight hours, a day except in cases of extraordinary emergencies caused by fire,, flood or danger to life or property, and that the contract should be void and of no effect unless the contractor should comply with section 3 of chapter 415 of the Laws of 1897, as amended by chapter 567 of the Laws of 1899.
In July following the relator commenced the performance of the work. On the twenty-seventh of July there was a strike by the laborers employed and the work was suspended. On the eighth of
On the twenty-fourth of August the board proceeded with the investigation. The petitioner, the Federation of Labor, appeared by counsel, and the relator also. The chairman of the board announced that they would take evidence as to whether or not laborers have been required to perform work in excess of eight hours a day, and whether or not the contractor has refused or neglected to pay the prevailing rate of wages. Thereupon evidence was given on the part of the petitioner tending to sustain the charges. At its close the relator moved to dismiss the petition and charges upon the ground, among others, that the board had no authority to hear or determine any of the questions involved. The motion was denied, and the relator then gave evidence tending to disprove the charges. On September fifth the board adopted a preamble and resolutions, in and by which, after a recital, among other things, that it appeared from the evidence given upon the hearing that laborers employed by the relator in the performance of work under the contract were permitted and required to work more than eight hours a day in
By section 4 of the Labor Law, as amended by chapter 567 of the Laws of 1899, it was provided that any citizen of the State might maintain an action for the purpose of securing the cancellation or avoidance of any contract which by its terms or manner of performance violated the act. Clearly the proceeding in question before the board was not an action within the contemplation of that statute. It was not claimed to be such at the hearing, but the contrary was stated by the corporation counsel, speaking, evidently, for the board.
The board was the agent of the city in making the contract and in seeing that it was performed according to its terms. Complaints were made in behalf of the laborers that the contractor was violating the contract. These complaints the board investigated. In case there was a violation of the contract by the contractor, the board, as representing or being the party of the first part to the contract, had the right under the contract to terminate it. The determination by one party to a contract of the existence of facts which give Mm a right to cancel'it does not conclude the other party as to the existence of such facts. That would allow a party to decide his own case and would not be permissible unless the opposite party consented to such determination, or the contract was made in view of some statutory provision that expressly allowed it. We find notning in the contract or the charter that allows the board to determine the questions here in controversy and bind the relator by such determination. The query, then, is, whether the action of the board is reviewable by certiorari. Does it interfere witli any cause of action the relator may have against the city on the contract, based upon the theory that he has not violated it and that the city canceled it without right and to his damage ? He had a right to have the question of violation tried in a constitutional way, and this he did not waive by his participation in the proceeding before
The board in its supervision of the contract and of its performance had a right to ascertain to its satisfaction whether the contract had been violated. Assuming the violation to exist, it had a right to cancel. It could not, however, by its own action conclude the contractor as to the fact of violation. It was not a determination of a judicial character within the meaning of the law. It was action by one party to a contract preparatory to assertion by it of its rights under the contract. The review of such action is not within the province of the remedy by certiorari.
“ The writ of certiorari is appropriate only to review the judicial action of inferior courts or public officers or bodies exercising judicial functions. It is not available to review the action of a public officer or body, which is merely legislative, executive or administrative, although it may involve the exercise of discretion.” (People ex rel. Trustees v. Board Suprs., 131 N. Y. 468.)
The action of the board was not, I think, reviewable by certiorari, and the writ should for that reason be quashed. It is, therefore, not necessary to consider the other questions raised.
All concurred, except Edwards, J., not sitting.
Writ of certiorari quashed, without costs, upon the ground that the action of the board complained of is not reviewable by certiorari.