23 Mich. 492 | Mich. | 1871
The circuit judge for Saginaw county, upon affidavit of W. S. Tenant, attorney for John Dietrich, that the relator had no presiding officer, cashier, secretary or treasurer within the limits of that county, directed service of process to be made upon one Edward P. Allen, an agent of the
The power in controversy is claimed to result from § 4885 of the Compiled Laws, which provides that suits may be brought against corporations in the same manner as against individuals, and that process may be served “on the presiding officer, the cashier, the secretary or the treasurer thereof; or if there be no such officer, or none can be found, such service may be made on such other officer or member of such corporation, or in such other manner, as the court in which the suit is brought may direct.”
The point to be decided is whether a corporation may be sued in any county whatever, and substituted service be had against it if its officers are not found there, or whether such substituted service is only lawful when the officers are not to be found within the county where the corporation is in law located. Whether service may lawfully be made elsewhere on one of the officers is a question not now before us, and there is no occasion to consider it.
We think that upon a consideration of this statute, in the light of the general policy of the law, the substituted service can only be made in that county where the corporation is required or expected to have those persons present who have the immediate supervision of its general office business, and where some one may fairly be supposable to be ready at all times to respond for it.
Our statutes require all suits (except some resting on peculiar grounds) to be brought where one or the other of the parties resides. — Conip. L., § 4344- And constructive service of process is never favored where actual service is possible. It is familiar doctrine that a private corporation
In every instance where there has been distinct legislation on this subject, it is manifest that when service of process is intended to be allowed anywhere but in the home county, there have been special reasons for making- such cases exceptional, and those reasons are very manifest. The general policy is not doubtful. And a comparison of a few of these statutory provisions will be instructive. For it will be found that, if the section before us will bear the construction claimed for it by the respondent, most of the other special legislation is quite unnecessary, and much less effective than this section, which covers the same ground.
The- very next section (§ 1/.886), providing for service
In the case of corporations having roadways, some special provisions have been adopted. By. § 484-6, Comp. L., it is provided that service may be made on railroad, companies by serving papers on conductors of trains and weigh-masters at stations. And in certain actions for damages against turnpike or other corporations receiving tolls for passage or transportation, suit may be brought “in any county in which either the creditor, or the president, or any director, or the treasurer or cleric of the corporation may reside, or in which such corporation has personal or real estate.” Here again we have provisions evidently intended to enlarge the remedy, yet falling far short of the effect claimed by respondent for the section in dispute.
There have been many general laws passed for the organization of corporations, and in some of them much care has been taken to secure means for bringing companies before the courts, — especially where many of the persons interested are likely to be non-residents. The mining and manufacturing companies are of this kind. In their articles of association these, like all other corporations, are required to have offices in this state, which it is contemplated may be in different counties from those where their mining or manufacturing may be carried on. — Comp. L., § 1808. By
No one can read § 4885 without seeing that the clause allowing substituted service is only put in to prevent a failure of justice from an inability to find the officers named. This would clearly indicate that they might fairly be expected to be found. But if those officers are to be engaged in looking honestly after their official duties, the presumption must always be that in every county but one they will not be found, and if this section will allow suits in every count}*, then the personal service will be the rare exception and the constructive service the rule, — a result which is neither just nor reasonable. There is no legitimate reason for making corporations generally stand on any different footing from other persons; and where peculiar reasons exist, for a differ
The circuit court for Saginaw county could not get jurisdiction over a corporation not located there, by the proceeding which was adopted in the case before us. The order was unauthorized, and a mandamus must he allowed to vacate it, with costs against the plaintiff in the action.