153 N.Y.S. 277 | N.Y. App. Div. | 1915
While necessarily the mandamus contemplates that the officials have not done all things which they should have done, it commands completion of acts partially done, not the doing of acts wholly undone; or, specifically, the theory of the writ is that certain ballots had been objected to, certain ballots had been passed upon as void, protested or wholly blank ballots, and other ballots which had been returned to the officials as spoiled or mutilated (for which other ballots were furnished to the voter) had been determined to be canceled ballots. But the Election Law prescribes that there should be made by the officers a contemporaneous record upon the ballots first mentioned, of the objection and the character thereof, and of the ruling. (Consol. Laws, chap. 17 [Laws of 1909, chap. 22], § 369, as amd. by Laws of 1913, chap. 821.) And, therefore, the same officials are now commanded to indorse such memorandum upon such ballots as are devoid thereof. The essential requirement of the law, however, is a determination upon each questionable ballot forthwith and preliminary to the count by the inspectors. A
If the officials failed at the close of the canvass to place some of the void and protested ballots in the separate sealed package, as required by section 369 of the law, I think that they now may be required to do so. The purpose of this provision of the statute is to segregate such ballots. If such present disposition requires the preparation of a second sealed package, in addition to the one already prepared, that affords no reason why the statute should not be executed, inasmuch as the ballots are segregated whether placed in one or in two of such packages. If the officials failed to place some of the spoiled ballots in the separate box set apart for them by the law, I perceive no reason why they should not now be commanded to place them in such box. It is immaterial if ballots, which should have been placed in envelopes or in a particular box, were misplaced, even though
Although mandamus for the purposes afforded by this writ is not authorized specifically by the Election Law, yet, I think, it may issue under the general power of the court thus to compel public officers to perform their full duties. (People ex rel. McLaughlin v. Ammenwerth, 197 N. Y. 340, 344; Baird v. Supervisors, etc., 138 id. 95; Matter of Stewart, 155 id. 548; People ex rel. Maxim v. Ward, 62 App. Div. 531.) More specifically, I think that authority for the requirement as to the memoranda may be found in People ex rel. Maxima. Ward (supra); People ex rel. March v. Beam (188 N. Y. 266, 271) and People ex rel. Perry v. Board of Canvassers (88 App. Div. 185). The opinion in People ex rel. March v. Beam (supra) states that the writ commanded inter alia indorsements upon the ballots (p. 269). And examination of the record in the Court of Appeals shows that the writ commanded the officials to indorse upon the unofficial ballots the statement that such ballots were objected to because marked for identification, and to specify over their signature that each of said ballots was objected to on the ground that it was unofficial and marked for identification (p. 5). The writ was modified only in respect to the recanvass and to the proclamation.
People ex rel. March v. Beam {supra) is also authority to sustain the physical disposition of the ballots required by the writ.
While mandamus will not issue for the doing of a vain thing or for a thing physically or mentally impossible, it should not be refused because it imposes a difficult task, or one which might upon attempt prove impossible. In the case at bar the acts commanded are neither physically nor mentally impossible. Moreover, the order contemplates that effort may result in failure, in that it provides that if the inspectors are unable to identify any of the ballots referred to, they shall so certify in their return. The presumption is that the officers will obey the whole command, which requires them to perform if they can and to certify their inability if they cannot. The argument of the learned counsel for the appellant, with character
I do not understand that perforce of this writ these inspectors can recount or indirectly work a recount of the ballots already counted and returned by them. This would be contrary to law. (People ex rel. McLaughlin v. Ammenwerth, supra; Matter of Hearst v. Woelper, supra.) The canvass of the inspectors is not conclusive in any direct proceedings of the kind heretofore indicated. I think that the inspectors are not functi officio so far as the requirements of this order are concerned. (Baird v. Supervisors, etc., supra; People ex rel. McLaughlin v. Ammenwerth, supra; Merrill Mandamus, § 185; People ex rel. Smith v. Schiellein, 95 N. Y. 132.)
It is not a matter of objection that this proceeding, although it relates to the office of a representative in the Congress, is instituted in a State court. (McCrary Elections, 292; Merrill Mandamus, § 183.)
The order should not, however, authorize the officials to change or to erase or to strike out any writing which they have made heretofore, whereby they sought to comply with the requirements of the Election Law.
The order is modified as indicated, and as modified is affirmed, without costs.
Carr, Rich and Putnam, JJ., concurred.
The parties hereto having stipulated in open court that this case may be disposed of by a court of four, the decision is as follows: Order modified in accordance with opinion, and as so modified unanimously affirmed, without costs. Order to be settled before the presiding justice.