Pennsylvania Railroad v. WeberPennsylvania Railroad v. Weber
delivered the opinion of the court.
This сause has been the subject of much and long continued controversy. This is its third appearance in this court. The previous history of the litigation is set out in
We need not repeat the discussion concerning distribution of cars in times of shortage which was held to result in undue advantage. See 242 U. S. supra, pp. 90, 91; Hillsdale Coal & Coke Co. v. Pennsylvania R. R. Co., 19 I. C. C. 362, 363, 364.
At the last trial the testimony before the Commission was put in evidence, with some additional testimony tending to show that plaintiffs had been discriminated against because of the special allotment to the Berwind-White' Company of five hundred cars daily; and the sale to it, and to othеr companies, of a large number of cars in times of ear shortage. There was evidence tending to show that but for these discriminations the plaintiffs would have received a sufficient number of cars to furnish them with аll they needed during the periods complained of.
The Commission in the report condemned the practice of giving to the Berwind-White Coal Company five hundred cars daily by special allotment, and the selling оf the company’s own cars’ during the same period to favored shippers, thereby diminishing its capacity .to supply the coal car requirements of other coal companies along its line.
When the Commission came to assess damages it allowed the plaintiffs $21,094.39 with interest from June 28, 1907. The order on which this award was made is set forth in 242 U. S. supra. Upon the new trial, with the additional testimony and the whole record of the Commission introduced in evidence, the judge, after charging the jury that there might be a recovery if the discriminations alleged and proved resulted in damages in the sum awarded by the Commission, charged:
“ If you should find that the conclusion of the Interstate Commerce Commission that the plaintiff in the year ending April 1, 1905, should have received cars equal in *88 capacity to 59.9 per cent, of the aggregate of their mine’s daily rating, and in the period between April 1 and October 18, 1905, cars equal in capacity to 59.6 per cent, of. the aggregate of their mine’s daily rating — if you should find that that conclusion was reached or arrived at because of the evidence presented by the plaintiff that the aggregate of the cars placed by the defendant at certain mines which had been selected for the purpose of comparison from those comprisеd in the region in which the plaintiff’s miné was located, had been equal in the earlier period to 59.9 per cent, and in the later period to 59.6 per cent, of the aggregate ratings of these selected mines, [These being the percentages of cars given to preferred companies as shown in Exhibit 10.] for the basis of the Commission’s conclusion, then the award was an erroneous one, and under those circumstances the finding of the Commission would lose its effect as prima facie evidence, and you would only be justified in finding for the plaintiff if you find that from the other evidence offered before the Commission, either of discrimination thrоugh distribution to favored shippers in the Tyrone region or through withholding cars from the Tyrone region, which should have been distributed there, the Commission was justified in arriving at that conclusion. If you find that the Commission was justified in arriving at that conclusion, or are satisfied from that evidence, and that evidence is reinforced by further evidence that the plaintiff has offered in the case, then you would be justified in finding a verdict in favor-of the plaintiff, and assessing damages at the amount found by the Commission.
“ If, however, you should find that that was an erroneous finding, then it would be your duty to find to what extent the plaintiff was damaged, I mean in case you find that the plaintiff was actually damagеd you would have to find to what extent the plaintiff was actually damaged. If you leave, out the evidence before the Commission the *89 Court is unable to say that there is any other evidence standing alone which would be sufficient, but the evidence which was before the Commission has all been offered before you, and some additional testimony. The proper basis of damages in that case, if the Commission has not reached the proper basis, would be upon the theory set out in the Commission’s report, but not based on a comparison between what the favored shippers received and what the plaintiff received.
“ If the plaintiff is entitled to recover and has suffered damages, the measure of damages would be the loss in operating, upon the coal that was actually shipped, through discrimination in favor of other shipрers, together with the profits it would have made on the coal they would have been able to ship. The question as to what coal they would have been able to ship is a question for you gentlemen to decide under the evidence in this case. You have had the schedules laid before you, counsel have argued the case to you and explained the grounds on which they respectively base their demand on the one side and the defense on the other, and the questions of fact are for your determination. The defendant has offered in evidence, and has shown you these facts, in regard to the 59.9 per cent, аnd the 59.6 per cent., and as I have already instructed you, if you find the Commission’s finding was based on that, then the Commission’s finding as to the amount of damages suffered should not be considered by the jury, .but the jury will be obliged. independently, if they can do so, to arrive at a proper amount of damages.
“ If thé jury do not believe that the plaintiffs suffered any damages, or do not believe that they were discriminated against in favor of other shippers, either by the distribution of cars that were sent into this region or by the failure of the railroad company to send cars to the Tyrone region which should have been distributed there, .then it *90 would be your duty to find a verdict in favor of thе defendant;”
As there was substantial testimony in the record to support the finding of the Commission in awarding damages in a sum at least equal to the amount assessed by it, the principal question to be decided is: May a plaintiff recover in such circumstances in a suit based upon a reparation order of the Interstate Commerce Commission when there is testimony fairly tending to show that recovery was justified because of unfair рractices in the distribution of coal cars in times of shortage, which practices, as its report shows, were condemned by the Commission, although it may appear that the sum awarded by the Commission was actuаlly based upon an erroneous calculation?
In determining the rule to govern this situation we must bear in mind that the Commission^ is empowered to act upon questions of unfair practices and discrimination.
Pennsylvania R. R. Co.
v.
Clark Coal Co.,
That the Commission used a wrong basis in awarding damages, now that the whole record is before us, admits of no doubt. Indeed, the coincidence in. the award made and the use of the percentage table , shоwn in Exhibit No. 10 is difficult to account for except upon the basis pointed *91 out by the witness introduced by the defendant, whose testimony was made the basis of the request to charge, the refusal of which led to the revérsal of the judgment in 242 U. S. supra.
The defendant in error argues that the Commission could not have used this table because it covers a different period of operation as evidenced by the number of days shown than the Commission found tо have been the period covered by the operation of the plaintiffs’ mine. Nevertheless, the coincidence of percentage and award remains, and the conclusion is inescapаble that the Commission in determining the sum' awarded used percentages which had the effect of placing the plaintiffs on a basis of equality with the favored companies. On the other hand, there is testimony tending to shоw that had the carsjbeen distributed upon a basis of general equality approved by the Commission, and without resort to practices condemned by ft, there would have been cars enough to have furnished plаintiffs with a sufficient number to meet ,their trade and requirements during the period in question. Under the circumstances here shown, when the case is fairly and fully submitted, as it was in the charge of the judge to the jury, giving a correct basis upon which there might be a recovery of damages, and there is testimony tending to show damages in at least the sum awarded by the Commission, there is no prejudicial error because of the erroneous calculation of the Commission which was the basis of its award.
Other questions are argued; but they are disposed of satisfactorily in the opinion of'the Circuit Court of Appeals (269 Fed. supra), and in the opinion of the trial judge upon the .motion for a new trial (263 Fed. supra).
It follows that the judgment of the Circuit Court of Appeals must be
Affirmed.