159 Pa. 346 | Pa. | 1893
Opinion by
The words of the will are “shall be distributed share and share alike to the following persons, if they are living at the time of my death, namely: to my sister M. one share, and to my step-daughter O. one share.” So far the indication clearly is of a distribution per capita. The other distributees in the testator’s mind were his nephews and nieces. Had he mentioned them as a class, “ nephews and nieces then living one share,” he would undoubtedly have changed the presumption to be drawn up to this point and have indicated a division per stirpes. But as if to avoid this very result he inserts the domi
This being the clear grammatical effect of his words, it must prevail, unless there is apparent elsewhere in the will, a different intent. This we do not find. The appellant seeks to show such intent by showing a difference in the classification of the beneficiaries with reference to the time of distribution, that to the sister and stepdaughter being directed “ if they are living at the time of my death,” while that to the nephews and nieces is to those “ then living,” which, appellant argues, means living at the time of distribution, after payment of prior legacies, funeral expenses, etc. This construction would hardly afford sufficient evidence of a different intent, on which to set aside the plain meaning of the other words, but in fact it cannot be sustained. The whole distribution in this clause of the will is to be “ after paying the above named legacies .and funeral expenses ” etc., and it is to be “ To the follówing persons if they are living at the time of my death,” namely the sister, the stepdaughter, and the nephews and nieces. They are all classed together to be living at the time of testator’s death, and the additional phrase in regard to “ each of my nephews and nieces then living one share,” so far from indicating that they are to take as a class, emphasizes their separate andindividualcharacter by the stipulation that each one who is to take shall be then living.
The cases cited by appellant do not afford us much light. Precedents in construing the language of wills, except as to technical or quasi technical phrases in the creation of trusts, or the limitation of estates, where they tend- to become rules of
A few words however may be said in referencé to the cases cited: Minter’s Appeal, 40 Pa. 111, is really in favor of the appellee, for, though a distribution “share and share alike among the children of A. and the children of M. and to my sister B.” and “That said B. and the children of my said brothers A. and M. shall have the residue of my estate, share and share alike,” was held to mean a division per stirpes, it was on the ground that the two phrases being somewhat conflicting left the intent in doubt, and therefore weight was given to the rule of the statute of distributions, and the court added significantly for our case,- “If he meant that his nephews should be each equal to his sisters, the word each would have made his meaning clear.”
In Baskin’s Appeal, 8 Pa. 304, testator directed his estate to be “ equally divided between all the heirs,” and the court held this to mean per stirpes, because the testator had in mind the intestate laws for the ascertainment of the persons to take, and it would therefore be presumed that the quantum of each was to be ascertained in the same way.
In Young’s Appeal, 83 Pa. 59, a direction that an estate after his wife’s death, “ be equally divided between her relations and mine,” and in Osburn’s Appeal, 104 Pa. 637, the remainder “ to be equally divided between the heirs of the said Henrietta .... and the said Harry, each to share and share alike,” were held to mean a distribution by classes, upon the ground that such was the testator’s intent, and in reaching that view, weight was given by the court to the use of the word “ between ” which grammatically suggests two objects only. We do not find anything in any of these cases that changes the view we have taken of the natural and proper meaning of the will under present consideration.
Decree affirmed at costs of appellant.