180 N.W.2d 44 | Mich. Ct. App. | 1970
PENNEY
v.
PROTECTIVE NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY
Michigan Court of Appeals.
Richard E. Cyrul, for plaintiff.
Arthur J. Cole, for Protective National Insurance Company.
Chester E. Palid, for Thomas Mulcahy, doing business as Greg's Collision.
Before: R.B. BURNS, P.J., FITZGERALD and VAN DOMELEN,[*] JJ.
VAN DOMELEN, J.
Defendants appeal from the trial court's denial of their motion to set aside a default judgment entered against them, arguing that the court below failed to follow the procedural guidelines of GCR 1963, 520.
Plaintiff brought suit in Macomb County Circuit Court on June 10, 1968, against defendant Protective National Insurance Company, through which he held insurance on his motor vehicle, and defendant Thomas Mulcahy, the local agent of the insurer and owner of Greg's Collision. Keith B. Trace, Jr., entered an appearance for both defendants on July 15th.
*220 After he failed to appear at a pre-trial conference or for trial dates, the court made unsuccessful attempts to contact him by telephone. Finally, on April 21, 1969, the court took testimony and rendered a judgment for the plaintiff. The evidence introduced showed that the insurer issued a policy of auto insurance for plaintiff's 1966 Buick on November 17, 1967, providing coverage for collision, theft, vandalism, and malicious mischief up to the value of the vehicle; that plaintiff's automobile was involved in a collision on January 10, 1968; that plaintiff notified the insurer's agent who recommended he contact Greg's Collision; that during the time after the accident and before delivery to Greg's Collision the vehicle was vandalized; and that after five months, the repair shop billed the insurer $949.56, but plaintiff refused to accept the car because of shoddy workmanship. The judgment allowed plaintiff to recover the value of the car ($3500) and lost wages ($814).
Notice of the entry of default judgment was served by mail on May 7, 1969, although plaintiff had not filed a default with the clerk in accordance with GCR 1963, 520.1. The judgment was entered five days thereafter on May 12, 1969, although GCR 1963, 520.2(2) requires a seven-day waiting period. This departure from the rule takes on added significance in light of the fact that a second attorney, retained by the insurer because it was unable to contact Mr. Trace, inquired as to the status of the case on May 13, 1969, within the seven-day waiting period of 520.2(2). Defendant insurer moved to set aside the default judgment pursuant to GCR 1963, 520 and 528 on May 26, 1969, and defendant Mulcahy on June 3, 1969.
*221 The trend of recent decisions both in our courts and in the Federal courts[**] has been toward liberal construction of the default judgment provisions in order to achieve meritorious determination of cases. Walters v. Arenac Circuit Judge (1966), 377 Mich. 37, 47. The Supreme Court has combined this with strict construction of the procedural requirements of the rules.
In the many cases interpreting the predecessor of GCR 1963, 520, Court Rule No 28 (1945), the Supreme Court held that there must be strict compliance with provisions relative to the entry of default judgments, and a failure in that regard required that the judgment be set aside. See e.g., Smak v. Gwozdik (1940), 293 Mich. 185; Rosen v. Wayne Circuit Judge (1928), 244 Mich. 397; McHenry v. Village of Grosse Pointe Farms (1933), 265 Mich. 581; Watkins v. Wayne Circuit Judge (1929), 247 Mich. 237. However, where the defect in procedure was only the failure to file the nonmilitary affidavit, now GCR 1963, 520.3, the Supreme Court has been reluctant to set aside the judgment absent a showing of prejudice because of the defect. Haller v. Walczak (1956), 347 Mich. 292.
In recent cases, we have required that plaintiffs must comply with the seven-day notice provision of GCR 1963, 520.2(2) once a party formally appears, in order for their judgments to retain validity. In Advance Dry Wall Company v. Wolfe-Gilchrist, Inc. (1968), 14 Mich. App. 706, where one defendant had no notice of the default proceedings, we said as to her, "The rule as to notice was not properly fulfilled *222 and to allow the judgment to stand against her would be to deny her due process." 14 Mich App at 713; Rhodes v. Rhodes (1966), 3 Mich. App. 396, 400.
On the other hand, the Supreme Court has expressed a clear policy against setting aside defaults. White v. Sadler (1957), 350 Mich. 511. The power to set aside such judgments has traditionally been one within the discretion of the trial court, disturbed on appeal only upon a showing of clear abuse, Rhodes v. Rhodes, supra, 3 Mich App at 403; Seifert v. Keating (1955), 344 Mich. 456; Crew v. Zabowsky (1959), 357 Mich. 606. We have, however, distinguished White v. Sadler, supra, in McDonough v. General Motors Corporation (1967), 6 Mich. App. 239, where we thought it unconscionable to let the default judgment stand:
"[White v. Sadler], demonstrating the Michigan position of strictness regarding setting aside default, is definitive and yet we do not believe that it was written with a view toward condoning and perpetuating a judgment fraught with manifest injustice." 6 Mich App at 244.
In the present case, some injustice is evident, although not of the proportion of McDonough. The transcript of the default proceedings indicates there was no proof as to the actual value of the vandalized vehicle. In addition, by the very terms of the contract on which plaintiff sued, the insurer is liable for no more than the value of the automobile although the trial court awarded plaintiff $814 for lost wages.
We think our explicit language in McDonough and Wolfe-Gilchrist requires that the present case be remanded to the trial court for a determination on the merits, particularly for the benefit of the insurer, who as the more "collectible" of the two defendants *223 would bear the full burden of the $4,314 judgment even though its responsibility upon the facts shown would be substantially less. Carter v. State Farm Mutual Insurance Company (1957), 350 Mich. 535. By vacating the judgment plaintiff would be put to the test of proving a case on the merits without prejudicing his true cause of action. McDonough, supra, 6 Mich App at 247.
We recognize, however, that the plaintiff should not be penalized for the defendants' original selection of an attorney who did not properly represent their interests. They should be obligated to pay counsel fees and costs arising out of the litigation. We recommend as a guide to the trial court the Supreme Court's award in Walters v. Arenac Circuit Judge, supra.
Reversed and remanded for trial. No costs are awarded in this Court.
All concurred.
NOTES
[*] Circuit judge, sitting on the Court of Appeals by assignment.
[**] See e.g., Wilver v. Fisher (CA 10, 1967), 387 F2d 66; Consolidated Masonry & Fireproofing, Inc. v. Wagman Construction Corporation (CA4, 1967), 383 F2d 249; Thorpe v. Thorpe (1966), 124 App DC 299 (364 F2d 692); Horn v. Intelectron Corp. (SD NY, 1968), 294 F Supp 1153, all construing the Federal Rules 55(b) and 60(b), corresponding to our 520.2 and 528.3.