65 Ind. 345 | Ind. | 1879
On the 17th day of Pebruary, 1875, the Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company filed, in the office of the clerk of the Madison Circuit Court, its complaint in the nature of a bill of interpleader against the appellee, Melissa C. Makepeace, and John E. Corwin, then the administrator of the estate of Allen W. Makepeace, deceased.
, In this complaint the insurance company alleged, in substance, that theretofore, to wit, on the-day of-, upon the application of one James T. Makepeace, of Madison county, Indiana, and upon the payment by him, then and thenceforward to the time of his death, of certain annual premiums, said company executed upon the life of said James, and delivered to him for the benefit of the said Melissa, to whom the same was made payable, a certain
This complaint or bill of interpleader was duly verified by the oath of the general agent, in this State, of the Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company.
Thereupon, on the 22d day' of February, 1875, the said John E. Corwin, administrator of the estate of said Allen W. Makepeace, deceased, appeared in said cause and filed what is called his cross complaint therein against the appellee Melissa C. Makepeace, admitting the truth of the matters stated in the complaint or bill of said iusurance company, and setting up his title to said policy of insurance. In said cross complaint it was alleged, among other things, that the said James T. Makepeace, on the-day of-, 1871, was indebted to said Corwin, as such administrator, in a large sum of money, evidenced by his three notes, particularly described,' then justly due and wholly unpaid, the aggregate amount of which notes was more than double the amount of said policy of insurance; that (the said James T. Makepeace being then in full life) the appellee Melissa C. Makepeace, then the lawful wife of, and cohabiting with, said James T. Makepeace, in consideration and in part payment of said debt, and of one dollar to her paid by said Corwin, by and with the consent of her said husband, fully and completely transferred and assigned all her right, title and interest in said policy to the said Corwin, administrator, all of which was evidenced by her endorsement thereon, signed by her and said James T. Makepeace, and duly acknowledged before a justice of the peace, as appeared by his certificate thereto attached, a copy of which assignment and certificate was filed with said cross complaint; that, at the time of such endorse
We give, in this connection, a copy of the alleged assignment ¶of said policy of insurance, mentioned in and filed with said Corwin’s so-called cross complaint, as follows :
*351 “ In consideration of tide sum of one dollar to me in hand paid, and for other valuable considerations, I hereby assign, transfer and set over all my right, title and interest in policy Ho. 38,193, in The Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company of Hartford, to John E. Corwin, of Madison county, State of Indiana, this 30th day of December, 1871. (Signed,) Melissa C. Makepeace,
“J. T. Makepeace.”
“In presence of ¥m. B. Dilts.”
To this assignment, there was appended a certificate of acknowledgment by one R. J. Hall, described therein as a justice of the peace of Madison county, Indiana, in the ordinary form, to the effect that before him “ personally came Melissa C. Makepeace and acknowledged the annexed assignment to be her free and voluntary act and deed.” This certificate was dated on the 30th day of December, 1871, the date of said assignment.
The said John E. Corwin, administrator, and the appellee Melissa C. Makepeace appeared in open court at the March term, 1875, of the Madison Circuit Court, and mutually agreed of record, each with the other, that the said sum of five thousand dollars should be deposited by said insurance company, for safe-keeping, in the Eirst Rational Bank of Indianapolis, and that, upon the filing with the clerk of said court of a proper certificate of deposit, payable to the order of the clerk of said court whenever ordered by the court, the said Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company should be fully discharged from all further liability as to said sum of money in controversy in this suit.
The appellee Melissa C. Makepeace answered the complaint of the insurance company and the cross complaint of said John E. Corwin, administrator, in a single paragraph, duly verified by her oath, wherein she admitted all the allegations of said complaint and all the allegations of said cross complaint, except so much of said cross com
The said John E. Corwin having resigned his trust as administrator of the estate of said Allen W. Makepeace, deceased, and the appellant, John W. Pence, having been duly appointed and qualified as administrator do bonis non of said decedent’s estate, on motion of said Pence he was substituted as a party to this action, in the room and stead of the said John E. Corwin, and on his further motion, supported hy affidavit, the venue of the action was changed from the Madison Circuit Court to the court below.
In this latter court the cause was tried by a jury, and a general verdict was returned in favor of the appellee Melissa C. Makepeace ; and Avith their general verdict the jury also returned into court their special findings as to particular questions of fact, submitted to them by the appellant, under the direction of the court, as follows :
*353 “ 1. Was not policy Ho. 38,193, about which this suit has arisen, delivered to John E. Corwin, administrator of the estate of Allen W. Makepeace, deceased, as security for a debt from James T. Makepeace and Samuel Dusang to the said estate ?
“ Ans. Ho.
“ 2. At the time the said policy of insurance was delivered to said John E. Corwin, was not the written assignment endorsed thereon, with the signatures of James T. Makepeace and Melissa C. Makepeace thereunder written, and the certificate of R. J. Hall, justice, attached thereto as it now appears ?
“ Ans. Ho.
“3. Is not the copy of the said policy of insurance, and the assignment thereof, filed with the complaint in this cause, a correct copy of each of said documents ?
“ Ans. ' Ho.
“ 4. Did not James T. Makepeace, deceased, deliver to said John E. Corwin, along with said policy and assignment thereof, a mortgage made by himself and Melissa C. Makepeace, as part security for the same debt owed by himself and Samuel Dusang ?
“ Ans. Ho.
“ 5. Did not Melissa C. MaL- peace sign and ■ acknowledge the mortgage, delivered at the same time with the policy to said Corwin ?
“ Ans. Ho.
“ 6. Did not Melissa C. Makepeace sign and acknowledge the assignment upon the policy of insurance, before the same was delivered to said Corwin ?
“ Ans. Ho.
“ 7. Did not John E. Corwin, administrator, etc., pay the last three premiums paid upon the said policy of insurance ?
“ Ans. Yes.
*354 “8. Is there not still due, upon the indebtedness of James T. Makepeace and Samuel Dusang, for which they executed their notes on the 30th day of December, 1871, including the amount paid as premiums on said policy, and interest, the sum of $6,806.51 ?
“ Ans. ETo.”
The appellant moved the court in writing for a new trial, which motion was overruled, and to this decision hé excepted. The cour-t thexx x’endered judgment xxpoxx and in accordance with the genei’al verdict, that the appellee Melissa O. Makepeace was entitled to said sum of five thousaixd dollar's, the amount of said policy of insurance, and that the appellant had no right, title, interest or claim in or to the said policy, or said sum of money, or any part thereof, and that said appellee recover of the appellaixt her costs in this suit expended, etc., to all of which the appellant objected and excepted, and has appealed therefrom to this court.
The only error assigned by the appellant, in this coux’t, is the decision of the court below in overruling his motion for a xxew trial. Many causes wex’e assigned by the appellant for such new trial; but of these we will only consider such as his leaxmed counsel have presented and discussed in their brief of this cause in this court, and this we will do in the same order in which his counsel have presented them.
The appellant’s attorneys have criticised, at great length and with some severity, the special findings of the jury, in answer to the appellant’s interrogatories. We do not propose to follow counsel through this criticism, nor to comment thereon in this opinion. We may say generally, that it has seemed to us, from our examination of the record of this cause, that the answers of the jury, complained of by counsel, w^ere brought out by the remarkable character of the interrogatories to which the jury were required to respond. These interrogatories were adroitly and skilfully
What we have said in regard to this first interrogatory is applicable to. the other interrogatories propounded by the appellant to the jury trying the cause. They “weresusceptible of a two-fold construction ; they had a covert or implied meaning, which differed from their apparent meaning, and the jury had the right, we think, to ascertain the intent and purpose of the interrogatory if they could, and to answer it accordingly, but without doing violence to the language used therein.
We have failed to find, from our examination of the interrogatories and the answers of the jury thereto, and the evidence bearing thereon, that, as the appellant’s counsel claim in argument, “There is such a mass of falsehood in the answers to these interrogatories, that they destroy confidence in the honesty of the jury’s intention, and render all their findings not only doubtful but worthless. ”
It is insisted in argument, by the appellant’s attorneys, that the court erred in permitting the appellee to propound the following question to a witness in her behalf: “Did you change the date in the mortgage ? Is that your blurring there and blotting ? ”
The appellant objected to this question, “ on the ground that counsel assumed that an obliteration had taken place, without any proof.” In this court, the appellant’s counsel object to the question, because “ it is directly leading.” It is a sufficient answer to this objection to say, that it was not made in the court below, and it cannot be made for the
We pass now to the consideration of the instructions of the court, complained of by the appellant’s counsel as erroneous. The claim of the appellant to the policy and money in controversy, it must be borne, in mind, in considering the instructions, is founded exclusively upon an alleged assignment of the policy, by the appellee, to the said John E. Cor-win. The only issue tendered by the appellee for trial, in this cause, was formed by her denial under oath of the execution by her of the assignment of said policy.
The third instruction, given by the court at the appellee’s request, was as follows :
“ 3. The policy of insurance, being payable to Melissa C. Makepeace, vested in her alone the absolute ownership of it, and it could not be assigned or transferred to Corwin or any other person, by her husband or any other person, without her authority; and an assignment or delivery of*358 the policy to Corwin by the husband of the defendant, without her authority, would not bind her in any respect.”
The appellant’s counsel, in discussing the exception to this instruction, have assumed a position which is untenable by the appellant, in this case, under the allegations of his cross complaint. It is insisted by his counsel, that thé instruction quoted was erroneous, because it informed the jury that the absolute ownership of the policy of insurance, being payable to the appellee, was vested in her; and that the policy could not be assigned or transferred to Cor-win or any other person, by her husband or any other person, without her authority; and that an assignment or delivery of the policy to Corwin, by her husband, without her authority, would not bind her in any respect. It is very clear, we think, that this instruction clearly stated the law applicable to the case made by the allegations of the appellant’s cross complaint. The argument of the appellant’s counsel, against the instruction, is addressed to a case dehors the record of this cause. They insist, that, because the evidence on the trial showed that James T. Make-peace, the appellee’s husband, was probably insolvent at the time he procured the issue of the policy and at the times of the payment by him of the several premiums thereon, then and subsequently as they became due, the premiums thus paid were fraudulent as against his existing creditors, of whom the appellant as the successor of Cor-win was one; and that, as against such creditors, the appellee was not the absolute owner of the policy, but held it merely as a quasi trustee for the benefit of such creditors. It is enough for us to say, perhaps, in response to this argument, that it is not applicable to the case made by the averments of the appellant’s cross complaint, and by the issue joined thereon. We need not and do not decide, in this case, what effect, if any, the alleged insolvency of James T. Makepeace might possibly have upon the appellee’s title
A necessary provision for his own household is a duty enjoined upon every man, by divine as well as human law, and unless the acts of a party, in making such provision as was made by James T. Makepeace in the case now before us, are clearly and grossly fraudulent, we would be very loth to divert such provision, or any pai-t thereof, from the purpose for which it was intended, and, leaving the widow and the orphan destitute, apply such provision, or a part thereof, to a purpose never contemplated. If, however, it were conceded, which we do not concede, that the creditor of the assured might, in any case, institute and maintain an action for the recovery of any part of the amount of a policy of insurance, procured by an insolvent debtor upon his own life for the benefit of his wife or family, upon the ground that the premiums therefor were paid with money, which ought to have been applied to the payment of the debt of the assured to such creditor, and that such payment of such premiums by the assured was a fraud upon the .rights of such creditor; we are clearly of the opinion, that the very utmost which the creditor could possibly recover in such action would be the aggregate amount of the premiums thus paid. The creditor could not, in any event, derive a profit from, or recover aught more than, the sums of money actually paid by the debtor in premiums upon a policy of insurance upon his
But we have digressed considerably from the consideration of the third instruction of the court to the jury trying the cause; not more so, however, than the appellant’s counsel digressed, in argument, from the same subject.
We think that the instruction, contained a correct statement of the law applicable to the case made both by the pleadings and the evidence, and therefore we hold that no error was committed by the court in giving this instruction.
The fourth and fifth instructions are complained of as erroneous, and are considered together, in argument, by the appellant’s counsel, because, they say, “ they impei’fectly repeat each other, and so reiterate error.” These instructions Avere as follows :
“ 4. In order to prove an assignment of the policy to CorAAdn, by the defendant Melissa C. Makepeace, the plaintiff must pi-ove, not only that she signed her name to the assignment, but must prove, also,_ that she either delivered, or authorized the debwery of, the policy to Convin.
“ 5. Possession of the policy, and payments of premiums upon it, by Corwin, either as administrator of said estate or otherwise, could give him no right to it, even though it appeared to be assigned to him, if the defendant Melissa Makepeace had not signed the assignment, or authorized its delivery to him.”
The objection to the first of these two instructions, as we understand counsel, is rather a “ play upon words,” or the meaning of them, .than an objection to the Iuav of the instruction. The jury were informed, that, for the purpose of proving the alleged assignment of the policy by Melissa C. Makepeace, the appellant must prove, not only that she signed her name to the
Of the fifth instruction, it is said by the appellant, that it is built upon the fourth instruction, which, we are told by his counsel, is a “ bad foundation.” As we have reached the conclusion, that the fourth instruction correctly stated the law applicable to the case and the evidence, we must regard it as a good foundation ; and, therefore, we think it is unnecessary for us to comment on the fifth instruction. It seems to us, that the court committed no error in giving the jury this instruction.
The next instruction, complained of in argument, by the appellant’s counsel is the seventh. This instruction contains a prefatory statement of fact, in regard to which the law is applied by the court in the remainder of the instruction. The only part of this instruction, of which complaint is here made, is this preface or prefatory statement, which reads as follows, in the transcript of the record on file in this court:
“ There is a paper attached to the policy which purports to contain an acknowledgment of the execution of the --policy of insurance, by the defendant, Melissa O. Makepeace, before E. J. Hall, a justice of the peace; and then the court instructed the jury as to what it conceived to be the effect of such acknowledgment, as an instrument of evidence, if the jury should believe from the evidence in relation to such acknowledgment, that it was not attached to the policy at the time it was taken, and had no reference to it. but was afterward attached to the policy without the appellee’s consent or knowledge.”
In the eighth instruction the court informed the jury, in substance, that they could not presume or infer that the appellee had given James T. Makepeace any authority to assign or transfer the policy to Corwin, from the fact that they were husband and wife ; but that such authority must be proved by evidence. There was no error, we think, in this instruction.
The ninth instruction of the court was as follows :
*365 “9. Yerbal admissions or statements, consisting of mere repetitions of oral statements made some time ago, are subject to much imperfection and mistake, for the reason that the party making them may not have expressed his or her own meaning, or the witness may have misunderstood him or her, or, by not giving their exact language, may have changed the meaning of what was said; such evidence should, therefore, be received by the jury with great caution. But admissions deliberately made, and well understood, are entitled to your consideration, especially when made against a party’s own interest.”
The tenth instruction of the court also relates to the subject of verbal admissions and statements of a party as evidence; and the substantial difference between it and the ninth instruction, we think, is, that the general rules of evidence in regard to verbal admissions, stated in the ninth instruction, are applied by the court in the tenth instruction to the alleged verbal admissions of the appellee, and the evidence in relation thereto. We are clearly of the opinion that the law on the subject of these instructions is clearly and correctly stated and fairly applied therein. The ninth instruction is almost a literal copy of section 200 of 1 G-reenleaf Evidence, which has often been approved and recognized as law in the decisions of this court. Hill v. Newman, 47 Ind. 187 ; McMullen v. Clark, 49 Ind. 77.
The eleventh instruction also relates to the same subject, and, like the tenth, is merely an application of the general rules of law stated in the ninth instruction to the evidence before the court and jury in this case. In our opinion the court did not err in either of these three instructions.
In the thirteenth instruction, the court stated the law on the subject of an attesting or subscribing witness, as follows:
“ 13. The assignment, endorsed upon the policy of insurance, introduced in evidence, appears to be attested by*366 Willim B. Dilts, as a subscribing witness. The testimony of a subscribing witness, in whose presence a written instrument purports to have been executed, is the best evidence of the execution of the instrument, but is not the only evidence that may be given of its execution.”
The fourteenth and fifteenth instructions relate to the same subject, and are to the same effect. There can be no doubt, we think, that the instructions correctly state the law, in regard to the subject-matter thereof. Jones v. Cooprider, 1 Blackf. 47, and notes; Booker v. Bowles, 2 Blackf. 90, and notes.
Only one other question is discussed by the appellant’s counsel in their argument of this cause in this court, and that is the sufficiency of the evidence to sustain the verdict. It can not be questioned, we think, but that there was evidence introduced which tended to sustain the verdict. As we have seen, the only question for trial was, whether or not the appellee had ever executed the written ássignment, under which the appellant claimed title to the policy and money in suit. In her evidence, the appellee denied positively and unequivocally that she had ever executed any assignment of the policy. The attesting witness, whose name appeared at the foot of the assignment, testified that the appellee had never signed the ássignment in his presence, and that he did not attest such assignment. The justice of the peace, before whom it was claimed that she had acknowledged her execution of the assignment, testified that she had never acknowledged before him the execution of the assignment of the policy. True, there was a mass of evidence introduced directly in conflict with the appellee’s evidence; but it was the province of the jury to reconcile this conflicting evidence if they could, or otherwise to determine which of the witnesses were the more worthy of belief. Their conclusion on these points has resulted in a verdict for the appellee;
In conclusion, we hold that the court did not err in overruling the appellant’s motion for a new trial.
The judgment is affirmed, at the appellant’s costs.