48 Conn. App. 160 | Conn. App. Ct. | 1998
This is a consolidated appeal following the trial court’s granting of motions for summary judgment in four cases consolidated for trial. The motions for summary judgment were granted in favor of the defendant-third party defendant Advance Transformer Company (Advance)
The lawsuits that form the basis of this appeal arise out of a fire that occurred on September 30, 1988, in Flanders Plaza in East Lyme, which is owned by the defendants Thomas J. Tucciarone, Michael J. DiProspero, Kaj Snellman and the Snellman Limited Partnership (owners). The plaintiffs, numerous tenants of the premises and their insurance carriers, alleged that the owners are liable to them for the fire losses they sustained because the owners (1) negligently maintained the premises and (2) created a nuisance on the premises. In January, 1992, the owners asserted two claims against Advance: one for their own losses brought pursuant to the product liability statutes, General Statutes § 52-572m et seq., and one for indemnification of the claims of loss asserted by the plaintiffs. The owners claim that Advance, as the manufacturer of the ballast in a lighting fixture where the fire started, was responsible for all losses related to the fire.
Our standard of review of a trial court’s decision to grant a motion for summary judgment is well established. See Scinto v. Stamm, 224 Conn. 524, 530, 620 A.2d 99, cert. denied, 510 U.S. 861, 114 S. Ct. 176, 126 L. Ed. 2d 136 (1993). “Practice Book § 384 provides that summary judgment shall be rendered forthwith if the pleadings, affidavits and any other proof submitted show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment
“Equally well settled is that the trial court does not sit as the trier of fact when ruling on a motion for summary judgment. . . . [T]he trial court’s function is not to decide issues of material fact, but rather to determine whether any such issues exist.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Field v. Kearns, 43 Conn. App. 265, 270, 682 A.2d 148, cert. denied, 239 Conn. 942, 684 A.2d 711 (1996). With these principles in mind, we proceed with our analysis.
I
The defendant owners first claim that the trial court improperly determined that no genuine issue of material fact existed as to when the time commences to run so as to bar the owners’ product liability claim pursuant to § 52-577a (a). That section provides in relevant part that “[n]o product liability claim . . . shall be brought but within three years from the date when the . . . property damage is first sustained or discovered . . . .” (Emphasis added.) The owners maintain that when a claim is governed by a “discovery” statute of limitations, such as the one at issue, the limitation period does not begin to run until the injured party has discovered or should have discovered the causal
Our Supreme Court has not had occasion to construe the discovery language of § 52-577a (a). The owners argue, however, that the language of § 52-577a (a) is identical to the discovery language of the negligence statute of limitations set forth in General Statutes § 52-584,
In support of their argument, the owners cite two Supreme Court cases that are relevant,
Our Supreme Court further explained actionable harm in Catz v. Rubenstein, supra, 201 Conn. 39, where a woman went to her physician in July, 1979, because of a lump in her breast. She was told her mammogram was negative for cancer. After she found a second lump, the woman went to another physician who, on May 1, 1980, performed surgery and diagnosed cancer. In April, 1982, a third physician told the woman that the August, 1979 lump was related to her cancer. The woman commenced suit against the first physician in June, 1982. Id., 40-42. The trial court granted summary judgment because the suit was not brought within two years of May 1, 1980. Id., 42. In reversing the judgment, our Supreme Court said: “A breach of duty by the defendant and a causal connection between the defendant’s breach of duty and the resulting harm to the plaintiff are essential elements of a cause of action in negligence. Prosser & Keeton, Torts (5th Ed.) § 30, pp. 164-65; Calderwood v. Bender, 189 Conn. 580, 584, 457 A.2d 313 (1983); Coburn v. Lenox Homes, Inc., 186 Conn. 370, 375, 441 A.2d 620 (1982); Busko v. DeFilippo, 162 Conn. 462, 466, 294 A.2d 510 (1972); Moore v. Bunk, 154 Conn. 644, 649, 228 A.2d 510 (1967). They are therefore necessary ingredients for ‘actionable harm.’ Consequently, the plaintiffs’ decedent did not have an ‘injury’ as contemplated by the statute until she discovered or
In the case before us, the owners’ real estate was destroyed by fire on September 30, 1988. The fire marshal’s report, dated October 20, 1988, identified the cause of the fire as the ballast in a lighting fixture. Therefore, following the reasoning of Bums, the owners here suffered actionable harm on October 20, 1988, when the fire marshal not only identified the cause of the fire but also the manufacturer of the ballast, Advance. The owners did not have to wait until they received Anderson’s report before bringing suit
II
The owners’ second claim on appeal is that their indemnification claims are governed by General Stat
The judgments are affirmed.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.
In three of the cases, Advance was impleaded as a defendant and the owners cross claimed against them; in the fourth case, the owners filed a third party complaint against Advance.
There were additional defendants in all four cases, but those parties are not relevant to these appeals.
Although it is not mandatory, we note that the preferred manner of pleading is to identify specifically the number of the statute relied on; see Practice Book § 109A (a); so that the issue will be clarified for the benefit of all interested parties, including the court. See Federal Deposit Ins. Corp. v. Bombero, 37 Conn. App. 764, 768 n.9, 657 A.2d 668 (1995), appeal dismissed, 236 Conn. 744, 674 A.2d 1324 (1996); see also Rowe v. Godou, 209 Conn. 273, 275, 550 A.2d 1073 (1988).
General Statutes § 52-584, titled, “limitation of action for iiyury to person or property,” provides in relevant part: “No action to recover damages for iiyury to the person, or to real or personal property, caused by negligence, or by reckless or wanton misconduct, or by malpractice of a physician, surgeon, dentist, podiatrist, chiropractor, hospital or sanatorium, shall be brought but within two years from the date when the injury is first sustained, or discovered . . . .” (Emphasis added.)
Other cases cited by the owners are not relevant because they concern either a common-law product liability claim or personal injury claims involving latent injuries or damage to property resulting from a latent defect.
Unlike the situation in negligence actions against health care providers, the owners did not have to make reasonable inquiry and provide a certificate of good faith before bringing an action against Advance. See General Statutes § 52-190a.
General Statutes § 52-598a provides: “Limitation of action for indemnification. Notwithstanding any provision of this chapter, an action for indemnification may be brought within three years from the date of the determination of the action against the party which is seeking indemnification by either judgment or settlement.”
At oral argument, the owners claimed that even though there were defendants’ verdicts in the cases-in-chief, they were entitled to attorney’s fees related to the defense of the plaintiffs’ claims. The owners failed, however, to allege attorney’s fees in their complaint or to include them in their prayer for relief.