Pearsall v. SmithPearsall v. Smith
- Reporters:
- , , ,
- Before:
- Blatchfobd
delivered the opinion of the court.
This is а bill in equity, filed in the Circuit Court Of the United States for the Eastern District of New York, Charles Jones, as assignee in bankruptcy of David M. Smith, against David M. Smith, Ella F. Willetts, Eichard S. Jones, and Albert Slauson, and is a creditors’ bill to set aside sеveral distinct transfers of property to several of the defendants, alleged to have been made by Smith in the year 1874, in fraud of the rights of creditors. The bill was filed September 11, 1886. The answers set up the statute of limitations of the State of New York of six years, and the bankruptcy statute limitation of two years. Albert Slauson, Austin M. Slauson, and Eobert H. Moses, composing the firm of A. Slauson & Co., were added as defеndants to the bill. They demurred to it, and the demurrer was overruled. The opinion of the court overruling the demurrer is reported in 33 Fed. Eep. 632.
Eeplications to the answers were filed, proofs were tаken, and the court, held by- Judge Lacombe, dismissed the bill. His opinion is reported in 38 Fed. Eep. 380. The assignee, Charles Jones, appealed to this court. Thomas E. Pearsall has been appointed his successor, and has taken his place as appellant in this suit. Pending the appeal, Eichard S. Jones, one of the appellees, has died, and Frances A. Jones, as his sole executrix, has been admitted as appellee in his place.
The conveyances sought to- be set aside are those of three separate parcels of real estate to thе several defendants. *233 David M. Smith was- adjudged a bankrupt in 1878, and was discharged from his debts in June, 1879. The conveyances complained of were all made and recorded prior to June 1, 1875. Smith’s petition in voluntary bankruptcy was filed August 31, 1878. The assignment in bankruptcy to Charles Jones was made February 10, 1879.
. The opinion of the Circuit Court dismissing the bill considered, first, the New York state statute of limitations, § 382 of the Code of Civil Procedurе, subdivision 5, which provides that there must be commenced within six years after the cause of action has accrued “ an action to procure a judgment other, than for a sum of money, on the ground of fraud, in a case which, on the thirty-first day of December, 1846, was cognizable by the court of chancery,” and that “ the cause of action in such a case is not deemed to have acсrued until the discovery by the plaintiff, or the person under whom he claims, of the facts constituting the fraud.” The Circuit Court held that this suit was one of the class provided for by the terms of § 382, subdivision 5, and that, if the plaintiff woüld bе barred of his relief in the state court by lapse of time, he would be barred in the federal court also, citing
Burke
v.
Smith,
Section 5046 of the Revised Statutes of the Unit States, which is an embodiment of § 14 of the act of March 2, 1867, ch. 176, (14 Stat. 522,) provides as follows: “All property conveyed by the bankrupt in fraud of his creditors; all rights in equity, chоses in action, patent rights, and copyrights; all debts due him, or any person for his use, and all liens and *234 securities therefor; and all his rights of action for property or estate, real or personаl, and for any cause of action which he had against any person arising from contract, or from the unlawful taking or detention, or injury to the property of the bankrupt; and all his rights of redeeming such рroperty or estate; together with the like right, title, power, and authority 'to sell, manage, dispose of, sue for, and recover or defend the same, as the bankrupt might have had if no assignment had bеen made, shall, in virtue of the adjudication of bankruptcy and the appointment of his assignee, but subject to the exceptions stated in the preceding section,” which are exemptions, “ bе at once vested in such assignee.”
Section 5057 of the Revised Statutes, which is an embodiment of § 2 of the act of March 2, 1867, ch. 176, (14 Stat. 518,) provides as follows: “ No suit, either at law or in equity, shall be maintainablе in any court between an assignee in bankruptcy and a person claiming an adverse interest touching any property or rights of property transferable to or vested in such assignee, unless brоught within two years from the time when the cause of action accrued for or against such assignee. And this provision shall not in any case revive a right of action barred at the time when an. assigneе is appointed.”
The Circuit Court remarked, that by operation only of the express terms of § 5046, the right of action which, before the adjudication in bankruptcy, belonged to the creditors, was taken from them and given to the assignee; and that, when the assignee asserted such right, he claimed under the creditors and not under the bankrupt, citing
Brownell
v.
Curtis,
The Circuit Court further said that, in determining as to the effect of lapse of time upon the right of action in this case, it became necessary, first, to inquire whether there was a discovery of the fraud by those under whom the plaintiff claims; that actual personal knowledge of the facts constituting the
*235
fraud need not be shown, to charge a person who had been quiescent for a period longer than that fixed by statute, with discovery thereof; that it was enough if he was put .upon inquiry, with the means of knowledge accessible to him, citing
Burke
v.
Smith,
The plaintiff alleges in his bill that a decree was made in the Kittels’ suit on November 30, 1885, in favor of the plain *236 tiffs therein; and that it was not until he was informed of that decree, which was in July, 1886, that he received any knowledge or information of the conveyances and transfers of Smith’s property, or of any facts or circumstances relating thereto or tending to show, or to lead to inquiry as to, any ^fraudulent conveyance, transfer, or disposition of property by
üut this is not sufficient to avoid the allеgation of laches in bringing the present suit, or to bar the application of § .5057 of the Revised Statutes in regard to the two years’ limitation.
Bailey
v.
Glover,
Although this court has attached to § 5057 of the Revised Statutes a quаlification, that qualification is that where relief is sought on the ground of fraud, it is necessary, in order to postpone the right of action on the part of the assignee in bankruptcy until the discovery of the fraud, that ignorance of it should have been produced by affirmative acts of the guilty party, in concealing the facts, and that there should have been no fault or want of diligence or сare on the part of the person who claims the right of action; in other words, that when there has been no negligence or laches on the part of a plaintiff in coming to the knowledgе of the fraud which is the foundation of the suit, and when the fraud has been concealed, or is of such character as to conceal itself, the statute does not begin to run until the fraud is discovered by, or becomes known to, the party suing, or those in privity with him, or ought to have been so discovered or known.
In the present case, the deeds of conveyance by Smith were recorded. The suit by the Kittels was a public suit. Notice of
lis pendens
was filed in it, giving the name and the address of the attorney for the plaintiffs, and they were creditors through whom the present plaintiff claims, their names being included as crеditors in the bankruptcy schedules. Charles Jones, the assignee in bankruptcy,’ was a lawyer of long standing, familiar with such matters. The bill does not set forth what were the impediments to an earlier prosecution of
*237
the claim, how the plaintiff came to be so long ignorant of his rights, the means, if any, used by the defendants fraudulently to keep him in ignorance, or how and when he first obtained knowledge of the matters alleged in his bill.
Badger
v. Badger,
We think the present is a clear case in favor of the bar of limitation, both by the statute of New York and by the bankruptcy statute.
Decree affirmed.