The defendant was having a brick and stone building erected upon lands owned by himself. The defendant entered into an oral agreement with the plaintiff that the latter should furnish certain material and do certain carpenter work. After this, and while the plaintiff was engaged in performing that contract, by agreement of the parties the plaintiff drew up a writing, which was signed by them, and which was as follows:
“Contract of J. S. Pearce and Thomas M’Gowan, of Duluth, Minn.
“The said J. S. Pearce agrees to furnish all joists, outside window-frames, and outside sash and doors, one matched floor for first floor, matched floor for the next two floors, matched fencing for roof as per plans of Hinsdale, St. Paul, also put on roof as per plan; the said Thomas McGowan to furnish all hardware and glass; said J. S. Pearce to do all carpenter work for said material for the sum of*508 eleven hundred dollars, (§51,100;) also girders in basement; also furnish common sky-light sash.
“Signed this first day of December, 1882.
“J. S. Peaece.
“T. F. McGowan.”
This action is to recover upon the contract, and to enforce a mechanic’s lien. An issue was presented as to whether the plaintiff had fully performed the contract, the defendant asserting a counterclaim for alleged defects in the plaintiff’s workmanship, and in the materials furnished by him; and to this, much of the evidence on both sides was directed.
Although, by the prior oral agreement, it was stipulated that the plaintiff should do other work not specified in the written contract, yet the latter must be taken as embodying the contract of the parties, and as having superseded or merged the prior oral agreement.
It is contended, on the part of the appellant, that this contract was not regarded by the court as referring to or including the specifications, which, as well as “plans,” had been made by Hinsdale, an architect, containing specific provisions as to the manner in which the work embraced in this contract should be performed, and the kind of material to be used; and that the court erroneously determined the issue as to the performance of the contract by the plaintiff, and the sufficiency of the workmanship and material, without regard to the specifications. We may assume that this would have been error. But it does not appear from the record that the court took any such idea of the case; and error is not to be presumed. At most, it can be only inferred, from a remark contained in the memorandum accompanying the decision, that such may have been the theory upon which the cause was decided. The remark is not inconsistent with the fact being otherwise.
Upon the matter principally contested, — the quality of the workmanship and material, — the evidence was conflicting. We find no sufficient reason for declaring the findings of fact to be not justified by the evidence.