130 F.R.D. 617 | M.D.N.C. | 1990
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
This matter comes before the Court on motion of plaintiff under Rule 60(b)(6), Fed. R.Civ.P., to set aside and reopen the judgment of this Court of November 14, 1985, dismissing plaintiffs pendant state claim of intentional infliction of emotional distress. Having carefully considered the briefs filed in support of and in opposition to plaintiffs motion, as well as the trial transcript and the record generated in this case, the Court will deny plaintiffs motion to reopen the judgment.
Rule 60(b) provides in pertinent part as follows:
On motion and upon such terms as are just, the court may relieve a party or a party’s legal representative from a final judgment, order, or proceeding ... for ... (6) any other reason justifying relief from the operation of the judgment.
Rule 60(b), Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Plaintiff contends to the Court that a change in state decisional law after entry of judgment justifies relief from judgment pursuant to Rule 60(b).
The claim of intentional infliction of emotional distress exists “when a defendant’s conduct exceeds all bounds usually tolerated by decent society and the conduct causes mental distress of a very serious kind.” Stanback v. Stanback, 297 N.C. 181, 196, 254 S.E.2d 611, 622 (1979) (citations omitted). The elements of the tort which must be shown to make out a prima facie case are “(1) extreme and outrageous conduct, (2) which is intended to cause and does cause (3) severe emotional distress.” Brown, 93 N.C.App. at 434, 378 S.E.2d at 234 (quoting Hogan v. Forsyth Country Club, 79 N.C.App. 483, 340 S.E.2d 116, disc. rev. denied, 317 N.C. 334, 346 S.E.2d 140 (1986). “It is a question of law for the court to determine, from the materials before it, whether the conduct complained of may reasonably be found to be sufficiently outrageous as to permit recovery.” Hogan, 79 N.C.App at 491, 340 S.E.2d at 121.
This Court, at the close of plaintiff’s evidence, dismissed plaintiff’s claim of intentional infliction of emotional distress.
Plaintiff now argues that the case of Dixon v. Stuart, supra, subsequently decided by the North Carolina Court of Appeals, has changed the law upon which this Court relied in dismissing plaintiffs claim. Plaintiff asserts that Dixon recognized a claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress where defendants simply ridiculed and harassed plaintiff in the workplace, intending to cause and actually causing emotional distress. Contrary to plaintiffs assertions, however, Dixon did not lower the standard for making a prima facie case. The court in Dixon only addressed whether the trial court properly granted the defendant’s Rule 12(b)(6) motion opposing plaintiff’s infliction of emotional distress claim. The Dixon court did not consider whether plaintiff’s evidence of intentional infliction of emotional distress rose to that level of conduct sufficient to support a claim or withstand a motion for directed verdict. Because the standards for granting a 12(b)(6) motion and a directed verdict motion are different, Dixon does not change the law regarding the propriety of a directed verdict on an emotional distress claim, and hence, will not affect this Court’s ruling on the directed verdict motion.
Plaintiff further asserts that Brown v. Burlington Industries Inc., supra, has changed the law relevant to the granting of a directed verdict on an emotional distress claim. The Court concludes that it has not. The facts presented in Brown are nearly identical to those of Hogan, supra, which held, in the context of a motion for summary judgment, that plaintiff’s forecast of evidence was sufficiently outrageous to meet the requirements enunciated in Dickens. Hogan, 79 N.C.App. at 490, 340 S.E.2d at 121. This Court, directing the verdict against plaintiff, also considered Dickens in determining that plaintiff’s evidence did not rise to the requisite level of outrageousness. In the subsequent case of Brown, the court, holding simply that defendant’s actions “were substantially similar to those” of the defendant in Hogan, did not indicate a retreat from the level of outrageousness required by Dickens and reiterated by Hogan. Brown, 93 N.C.App. at 435, 378 S.E.2d at 235. The law applied by this Court in directing the verdict against plaintiff remains unchanged.
Further, as a basic premise, an opinion of the North Carolina Court of Appeals will not alter decisional law previously enunciated by the North Carolina Supreme Court. Accordingly, finding no change in the law to justify relief from the verdict directed against plaintiff on her claim of intentional infliction of emotional distress, the Court will deny plaintiff’s rule 60(b) motion.
IT IS, THEREFORE, ORDERED that plaintiff’s motion to set aside and reopen the judgment of this Court of November 14, 1985 dismissing plaintiff’s claim of intentional infliction of emotional distress be, and the same hereby is, DENIED.
. "It has been said that a change in law is not enough to permit reopening a judgment under Rule 60(b)(6). Generally, that should be true, but this is not an inexorable rule, as indeed the Supreme Court has recognized.” Wright & Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure: Civil § 2864 (Supp.1988). (citing Polites v. U.S., 364 U.S. 426, 81 S.Ct. 202, 5 L.Ed.2d 173 (1960), Pierce v. Cook & Co., 518 F.2d 720 (10th Cir. 1975). Assuming arguendo that a motion to reopen a judgment based on the grounds of a subsequent change in state decisional law may properly be made under Rule 60(b), the Court will proceed to address the merits of plaintiffs motion.
. It should be noted regarding the element of discriminatory intent required to be shown in plaintiffs companion claim under § 1981 that the Court allowed plaintiff full opportunity to present evidence of her alleged racial harassment and also allowed defendant to present
. This Court’s dismissal of plaintiffs claim of intentional infliction of emotional distress was affirmed by the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, Patterson v. McLean Credit Union, 805 F.2d 1143 (4th Cir.1986), and left undisturbed by the Supreme Court. Patterson v. McLean Credit Union, — U.S. —, 109 S.Ct. 2363, 105 L.Ed.2d 132 (1989).