Patrilo v. United States, 7 F.2d 804

Patrilo v. United States

7 F.2d 804 | 8th Cir. | 1925

LEWIS, Circuit Judge.

The three plaintiffs in error, Nick Patrilo, Sebastian Gen*805ino and Sam Catalano were convicted on two counts of an indictment, the first charging that on April 29,1921, they had in their possession and under their custody and control property designed and intended for the unlawful manufacture, distillation and production of intoxicating liquor, to wit, one still and a large amount of corn mash. Tho second count charged that on the same day and at the same place, in the city of St. Louis, they unlawfully manufactured and distilled a certain quantity of intoxicating’ liquor, to wit, 25 gallons of alcohol. Three police officers were the only persons who testified and they were called by the prosecution. From the evidence it appears that two of these officers went to No. 5022 Grace avenue, in the city of St. Louis, on the day named in the indictment and found Patrilo in a shed on the rear of the premises. They had a conversation with him there and he told them he would show them what he had in the basement of the house. Patrilo lived in tho house; it was his home. He took the officers through the kitchen and down, into the basement, where a large still was in operation and where several hundred gallons of corn mash and about 25 gallons of alcohol were found. While in the basement the officers thought they heard a door slam above them, and one of them wont up and around to the front of the house and discovered Genino and Catalano running up the street, each without a hat or coat. He hailed them and they came back. They were taken down to the basement. The officers testified that when they, Patrilo and the other two defendants, were together in the basement Genino and Catalano said they were working for Patrilo, they were just g’otting paid for working there and had nothing else to do with it, that Patrilo was the owner and he would fix it up. Their testimony was brief, and its substance has been stated.

Section 25 of title 2 of the National Prohibition Aet (Comp. St. Ann. Supp. 3923, § 10138%m), defining the Grime charged in the first count speaks of having, holding, and possessing property designed for the manufacturing of intoxieating'liquor. This means more than physical presence and the laying on of hands. As tho pleader aptly charged, it means unlawful custody and control. The evidence shows that the premises were occupied by Patrilo as his home, the still and mash were in the basement of his house at his will and wish. So far as the evidence indicates, that condition existed regardless of anything done or said by the other two defendants. They were Patrilo’s hired servants, Aside from that it does not appear they had anything else to do with it, and those services did not convert Patrilo’s possession and control into the joint possession, custody and control of themselves and Patrilo, within the meaning of the law. Grantello v. United States (C. C. A.) 3 F.(2d) 117. No caso was made against Genino and Catalano on that count. Their request for an instructed verdict should have been granted.

Put conceding that the proof would have supported a verdict of guilty on the first count as against all three defendants, because they were all in the joint possession of- the still and mash, within the meaning of section 25, they could not also be convicted and punished on the second count, for the reason that the offense charged therein embodied the offense charged in the first eount. The two charges are of the same date and tho evidence deals with but one occasion, when the police officers went to Patrilo’s place. In Tritico v. United States, 4 F.(2d) 664, prohibition agents found defendants operating stills in a bam on unoccupied premises. They were charged in the first count with unlawful possession of intoxicating liquor, in tho second with unlawful possession of property designed for the manufacture of liquor, and in the third with the unlawful manufacture of liquor. There were verdicts of guilty and sentences on each of the counts. It was held that convictions on the first and second counts could not stand because those counts contained charges of the same acts that were embodied in the third count. The Circuit Court of Appeals for tho Fifth Circuit said:

“It must be apparent at once that proof of possession of distillery apparatus would necessarily have to be included in order to prove the manufacture of liquor, because such manufacture would otherwise be impossible. Likewise the same evidence which proved manufacture of liquor proved possession of it because, upon the manufacture being completed, the liquor necessarily .came into the control or possession of the manufacturer. It can make no difference whether separate charges are tried together or at different times. If the defendants had been tried for manufacturing liquor, they could not afterwards have been prosecuted for possessing the apparatus necessary for such manufacture or for possessing the liquor so manufactured.”

In Morgan v. United States, 294 F. 82, tho first count of an information charged possession of four gallons of moonshine whisky, the second, possession of property *806designed for the manufacture of intoxicating liquor, and the third, the actual manufacture of four gallons of moonshine whisky.

The Circuit Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit said this:

“Conviction of the defendant of the charge of manufacturing moon shine whisky, under the facts of this case, necessarily embraced conviction of the offense of having in possession the same moonshine whisky, and the offense of having in possession property designed for the manufacture of moonshine whisky, charged in counts 1 and 2 of the same indictment. The act charged as a crime in count 3 included acts charged as crimes in counts 1 and 2. It follows that the sentence under counts 1 and 2 must be set aside, as was properly conceded by the United States attorney.”

The Circuit Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit announced the same principle in a like case. Reynolds v. United States, 280 F. 1. At the close of the testimony the district attorney should have made an election. Clearly the defendants were all guilty on the second count.

There were separate judgments and sentences of each defendant on each count. Those on the first count, which charged possession and control of property designed for the unlawful manufacture of intoxicating liquor are all reversed. Those against each of the defendants on the second count, which charged the manufacture of intoxicating liquor, are all '

Affirmed.