59 Mich. 414 | Mich. | 1886
The record, in this case, presents but a single question, and that is whether the plaintiffs claim is barred by the statute of limitations. The trial in the circuit was before the court without a jury, who made a written finding of facts as follows:
“ I find, as a fact, that the plaintiff, prior to and up to the twenty-eighth day of April, 1876, worked by the day for the*416 defendants, who were copartners in business at Howell; that up to the twenty-eighth day of April, A. D. 1876, the wages of the plaintiff amounted to the sum of ninety dollars and/ thirty cents ; that the defendants had made him small payments, amounting in all to the sum of twenty dollars and ten cents; that the amount due him (Parsons) April 28, 1876, was the sum of seventy dollars and twenty cents.
. “I find that on the twenty-eighth day of April, 1876, the defendants made a voluntary common law assignment to Mr. Gregory, as trustee, in trust for the benefit of creditors generally, of the defendants; that the plaintiff was one of such creditors ; that Mr. Gregory , accepted the trust and entered upon the discharge of the same, and took possession of the assets of the defunct, firm and converted them into money; that out of the money he paid to the plaintiff, by check, September 2,1876, seven dollars and eight-eight cents; November 15, 1876, four ..dollars and eighty-three cents. This last payment was actually made November 22, 1876. The last check was in this form :
“Alex. McPherson & Co., Bankers: Pay to George Parsons, or order, four dollars and eighty-three cents, which is to be applied as final dividend of claim against Wykoff, Clark & Immen.
“E. P. Gregory,
“ Assignee of Wykoff, Clark & Immen.
“ This check was received by plaintiff, through the post-office, on the twentieth day of November, 1876, and was paid November 22, 1876, to plaintiff, and nothing more was paid to him on his demand by any one since that time. (The death of Mr. Wykoff before commencement of suit was admitted in open court.)
“This action was commenced November 16, 1882.
“I find that early in the month of April, 1882, the plaintiff called upon George L. Clark, one of the defendants, and had a conversation with him about the balance of his claim, and told him, in substance, that he would have to sue it, as it would soon outlaw; that George L. Clark asked him, ‘ When did you receive the last payment from the assignee?’ I (Parsons) told him November 20,' 1876; that he (Clark) said I had plenty of time; I need not be in a hurry. I find that no question of the amount of the indebtedness exists, and that the only 'question presented and argued for the defendant, was, that the remedy for the collection or enforcement of the debt was barred by the statute of limitations.
*417 “ After giving the case the most careful consideration, and with some considerable regret, but following the opinion in Pickett v. Leonard, determined in the court of appeals in New York, and reported in 34 New York, at page 175, and 34 Barbour, page 193, overruling case in 22 Barbour, page 68, and after examining the cases therein referred to, I find, as the conclusion of law, that by reason of the statute of limitations the plaintiff’s claim was barred before the bringing of this action; that the payment made by the assignee, to the plaintiff, was made in the execution of a special trust; and that such payment did not have the effect to save the demand from the operation of the statute.”
From the above finding it appears that the claim in suit was barred by the statute of limitations on the twenty-eighth of April, 1882, unless the payments made by the assignee, on September 2 and November 22, 1876, served to prevent the statute from running until the latter date. It cannot be claimed that there has been any acknowledgment or promise made in writing and signed by the defendants, or either of them, which is evidence of a continuing contract, whereby to take the case out of the provisions of the statute; but what is claimed, is, that the payments made by the assignee should have the same effect given to them as if made by the defendants, and that it is evidence of an acknowledgment of the debt, and from which a promise to pay the remainder of the debt may be properly inferred.
The argument, is, that defendants, by their assignment, voluntarily placed certain assets in the hands of the assignee, and gave him express directions to pay the debt due to plaintiff, or so much thereof as he could do from such assets, and therefore he was the agent of such defendants to make the payments which, he did make.
But it must be remembered that payments made by a debtor to his creditor, are not always evidence of a promise to pay the balance of the debt. If the debtor, when he makes the payment, expressly refuses to pay the balance, or makes such payment under circumstances that repel the presumption of such promise, no inference can in such case be drawn of a promise to pay the remainder. It is the duty of
In effect, the assignors said, “ We owe Mr. Parsons about seventy dollars, and we are unable to pay him in full; we place all our property, not exempt from execution, in your hands, which we authorize you to convert into money, and pay it over to him to apply on such indebtedness.” Payments made under these instructions afford no just grounds to infer any intent to renew the promise of payment, or to extend the time within which they were originally bound to pay: Pickett v. Leonard, 34 N. Y. 176; Roscoe v. Hale, 7 Gray 275; Stoddard v. Roane, Ib. 387; Ang. Lim. § 240, note 1 (6th ed.); Jewett v. Petit, 4 Mich. 510.
Plaintiff claims that, however it may be held as to the other defendants, it is clear that the judgment of the circuit court, as to the defendant George L. Clark, should be reversed, and the plaintiff should have judgment against him under section 8727 How. Stat., which provides that in actions against two or more joint contractors, if it shall appear upon the trial, or otherwise, that the plaintiff is barred by the statute as to one or more of the defendants, but entitled to recover against any other or others of them by virtue of a new acknowledgment or promise, or otherwise, judgment shall be given for the plaintiff as to any of the defendants against whom he is entitled to recover. Put the finding of facts does not show, and the judge docs not find, that any new acknowledgment or promise was made by George L. Clark. Had Clark, in
But there is another reason why the judgment must be affirmed in this Court. When the facts are found by the circuit judge, it is his province to draw all necessary inferences from the evidence, and this Court is not at liberty to draw any inference from the facts found by him: Trudo v. Anderson, 10 Mich. 357; Peabody v. McAvoy, 23 Mich. 520; Capen v. Stevens, 29 Mich. 496, 503; Weirich v. Cook, 39 Mich. 134; Burk v. Webb, 32 Mich. 180; Stockle v. Silsbee, 41 Mich. 615; Shelden v. Dutcher, 35 Mich. 12; Yelverton v. Steele, 40 Mich. 540. The court cannot imply a promise from the mere fact of part payment as an inference of law: White v. Jordan, 27 Me. 370. The fact of part payment is merely evidence of a promise to pay the balance, and the inference that a promise was made, or intended, must be found as a fact by the jury or the court before whom the trial is had. The circuit judge did not find that a new promise was, in fact, made by reason of the payment by the assignee. But we rest our decision upon the legal proposition, stated in Pickett v. Leonard, 34 N. Y. 176, “ that it would be unreasonable to construe payments by those who are not parties to the contract, nor under any personal obligation in respect to them, but are appointed to execute specific duties, as evidence of a willingness and intention by the original debtor to pay the entire debt; that it would be a perversion of the intention of the parties to make the simple execution of the trust, by the assignees, the ground of a new assumption of the debt by the debtor.”
We think that the inference which the circuit judge did