142 N.Y.S. 214 | N.Y. Sup. Ct. | 1913
The complaint shows that there existed a bridge extending westerly from a public highway in the city of Fulton across the Oswego canal and then
The defendant was engaged in making excavations for the barge canal between the bed of the Oswego river and the Oswego canal at Fulton. In the performance of this work it, without the right so to do, cut off the westerly end of the bridge and attempted to support the remainder by certain trusses, but did it in so negligent and improper a manner that what remained of the bridge was dangerous and unsafe and liable to fall of its own weight at any time. Thereafter it permitted and allowed a large number of persons, including the plaintiff, to use the said bridge daily as a point of observation, and many persons congregated upon it each day for the purpose of observing its operations.
While the plaintiff was on the bridge for this purpose on August 8, 1912, and himself in the exercise of due care, the bridge fell and he was injured.
It is claimed that the facts stated fail to show the existence of a cause of action in favor of the plaintiff.
■ There is no injury, in the legal sense, which can give a right of action unless it is occasioned by a violation of some duty owing to the injured. But it may be stated as a general rule that every one must refrain from affirmative negligence in the management of his property or business' where such negligence is likely to subject others to danger.
The definition to be given to the phrase ‘ ‘ affirmative negligence ” varies, however, with the relation of the parties and the duty one owes to the other. Where the one, for instance, is the owner of property and the other a trespasser or a licensee the meaning is restricted. In Nicholson v. Erie R. Co., 41 N. Y. 525-
In Fox v. Warner-Quinlan Asphalt Co., 204 N. Y. 240, the plaintiff fell into an excavation which had been continued by the defendant on its own land across a pathway continuously used by licensees, and it was held that there could be no recovery.
There can be no doubt, however, that if a keg negligently placed upon a roof falls and injures a person passing in a public highway, or if the excavation, in the Fox case, had been continued across such a highway, the person responsible for such an act would have been held guilty of affirmative negligence. It is equally clear that in either case had the person injured been the owner of a right of way over the defendant’s property and had he been injured while lawfully passing over the same a recovery would have been permitted.
The rule with regard to the owners of property and trespassers and licensees is based upon the theory that owners should have reasonable freedom of the use of their own land in their own way, and that in making such use of it they should not be embarrassed by others having no claim or title thereto.
It is, therefore, at least, doubtful whether had the bridge in question been interfered with by the state, it being the state’s property, and the plaintiff being a licensee, there could be any recovery; and the various cases cited by the defendant in support of its demurrer all bear upon this question.
The defendant in this case, however, does not stand
I have found no case in point on this subject, but Murphy v. City of Brooklyn, 118 N. Y. 575, was an action brought to recover damages for injury received by a licensee through falling into a hole near the pathway which he was following over another’s land. This hole was constructed by a third party. Judge Parker, in his statement of facts, says that it does not appear that it was not constructed with the consent of the owner; and further on argues that the owner himself would not have been liable under the circumstances, and that he could permit another to do what he might do himself; assuming, apparently, that if the owner had not consented there might have been liability.
The demurrer herein is overruled upon the usual terms.
Demurrer overruled.