146 Ky. 327 | Ky. Ct. App. | 1912
Opinion of the Court by
Affirming.
One O. G-. Murrell died a resident of Edmonson county, leaving a last will and testament. After tbe preamble, tbe disposing part of tbe will runs thus:
“I will first that all my just debts be paid and my burial expenses also, then my whole estate real and personal go to my beloved wife so long as sbe lives, then I want it to go, if any be left, to Maggie Smith, tbe girl that is living with me at this time. ’ ’
Then, after making a small gift to one Charles Murrell, tbe will concludes. This case comes here on appeal from a judgment of construction of tbe will, rendered in tbe Edmonson Circuit Court.
It seems that Maggie Smith and tbe testator’s wife both survived him; that Maggie Smith died before tbe wife, leaving an only son, one Lee Johnson; that her husband is dead, or has not been beard from for more than seven years, coupled with an absence from Kentucky. Tbe appellants, Puss Park and Martha Smith, tbe sisters and only heirs of O. G-. Murrell, claim that (a) tbe testator only carved out by bis wil] a life estate for bis wife, and that after her death bis property passed as undevised estate to them as bis heirs; or (b) that tbe death of Maggie Smith during tbe lifetime of tbe life-tenant caused a failure or lapse of tbe devise to her. John White, tbe brother of Nancy Murrell, Millie Pearson, Eiley Cook and John Cook, tbe only children
There is not much of difficulty about the rules of law applicable. They are so well settled that we consider it unnecessary to go into any lengthy discussion of the principles involved and will only state the rules as announced by this and other courts in numerous cases. The rule followed by the trial court is thus laid down by Chancellor Kent (4 Commentaries, 535): “If an estate be given to a person generally or indefinitely, with a power of disposition, it carries a fee unless the testator gives the first taker an estate for life only and annexes to it a power of disposition. In that case the express limitation for life will control the operation of the power and prevent the enlarging of the estate into a fee.” This doctrine is enlarged upon in the leading Kentucky case of McCullough’s Admr. v. Anderson, 90 Ky., 126, where it is said that if the estate is given or devised generally or indefinitely, with a power of disposition, it passes a fee; but when the devisor gives to the first taker an estate for life only, with the power to dispose of the fee, no greater estate is vested in the first taker than that carved out of the fee and vested in him by the devisor; that the failure to exercise the power of disposition reposed in the life tenant gives to the re-mainderman the fee, who takes under the will. The same doctrine is elaborated and fully discussed in the case of Clay v. Chenault, a thoroughly considered case in 108 Ky., page 77. It is also declared in Cralle v. Jackson, 26 Ky. Law Rep., 417; Ball v. Hancock’s Admr., 82 Ky., 107; Pedigo’s Extx. v. Botts, &c., 28 Ky. Law Rep., 196; Irvine, &c. v. Putnam, &c., 28 Ky. Law Rep., 465, and many other cases. It is true that in the case at bar the life estate, which is given in express and unambiguous terms, is not coupled with an express power of dispo
There is no merit in the suggestion that , the death of Maggie Smith before the death of the life-tenant lapsed or nullified the devise in remainder. It is not a case of the death of a legatee or devisee before the testator; but if it were under section 4841 of the Statutes, Lee Johnson would yet .take this real estate. Nor is it a case of a devise to one with a right to take contingent upon his surviving the testator, or of his surviving the life tenant. Nor is it a case whereby the estate given should suffer a defeasance upon the happening of any given event. It .is simply the case of the giving of a life estate, followed by a remainder in fee simple, which is not affected either by the power of alienation given to the life tenant, nor by the death of the remainderman during the currency of the life estate. It follows, therefore, that the heirs of O. G. Murrell, who are appealing, had no interest in his estate.
As to the personal property. The doctrine above set out by Chancellor Kent applies alike to real and personal property. Jackson v. Robbins, 16 Johns., 582; Clay v. Chenault, supra. The trouble we find in the record, however, is not upon the construction of the will as to the personal property, but upon the meagre facts disclosed hy the record as to the personal property, which was small in amount. The only reference to the personalty is in the petition seeking the construction. It says that the widow, Nancy Murrell, died intestate in 1911; that George McCombs qualified as her administrator; “that he has sold the personal property and realized therefor about the sum of $370.” The petition does not charge that this personal property was any part of the estate of O. G. Murrell, or that it was such part of his personal
For the reasons given the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.