The claimant, George Pappas, seeks to recover compensation for injury arising out of and in the course of his employment, against his employer, the North Iowa Brick & Tile Company, and the Fidelity Casualty Company of New York, its insurance carrier. The action is predicated on the terms of the Workmen’s Compensation Act of Iowa. The facts presently noted are not in dispute.
The matter was originally presented to the industrial commissioner of this state; who awarded compensation for 200 weeks, at $10.63 per week. An appeal was taken to the district court of Cerro Gordo County by the claimant, and thereafter, upon a trial of the issues, the decision of the commissioner was modified by awarding the claimant compensation for 225 wеeks, at $10.63 per week. Judgment was entered for the amount, with accrued interest on each past-due payment for 122 weeks. From this judgment both the claimant and the defendants appeal to this court.
*609 It is the contention of the plaintiff that, by reason of the injury sustained by him, he is entitled to receive compensation for 400 weeks for total permanent disability. This claim cannot be sustained. The defendants contend that the claimant is entitled to receive compensation for the loss of less than an arm, which amount is determined by as many weeks as the portion of the arm actually lost bore to two thirds of that part of the arm between the shoulder joint and the elbow. The commissioner determined the loss to be 200/225ths of the number of weeks to which he would have been entitled, had he lost the whole arm.
The claimant at the time of the injury was a one-armed man. It is shown that, while working on a tamping machine on March 11, 1919, while in the employ of the defendant company, he was so injured'that he lost his right arm at the shoulder. He received compensation therefor in the sum of 200 weeks, which ivas full compensation under the then existing law. Thereafter, while in the service of the same employer, and while engaged in work upon the same or a similar machine, he received an injury on November 15, 1922, whereby he lost his left arm, “at a point where the lower third of the upper arm or humerus joins the middle third of the upper arm or humerus. ’ ’ The quoted fact is found in the filed stipulation.
The instant case is one of exceptional character, and the initial question may be stated: Are the provisions of the Workmen’s Compensation Act of Iowa broad enough and sufficiently explicit to cover the question presented? The true perspective cannot be obtained by taking into consideration any particular section of the law, and it must be borne in mind that the industrial commissioner has no jurisdiction to award com’pensation other than that provided in the Compensation Act.
Our state legislature seems to have fixed the basis of compensation, having in its legislative mind a standard or normal man, with a body and all members thereof in a serviceable condition. It has provided in the schedules of the law the compensation that shall be paid in the event that any of the members of the body shall be lost through an industrial injury. It is further recognized that there might be eases where multiple injuries would occur, and in such cases it is contemplated that the *610 sum total of all sueb injuries should not exceed the amount of compensation fixed as the maximum in the event that the workman shall be' totally • disabled, — that is, 400 weeks. Section 2477-m9 (i), Code Supplement, 1913.
It is also provided that the total of the losses of parts of a member, — for example, the fingers, — shall not exceed the amount provided in the schedule for the loss of a hand. Section 2477-m.9 (j) (7); Codе Supplement, 1913.
" It may also be observed that the original law was found to be uncertain and more or less ambiguous in its application to cases of an unusual type; as, for example, where a one-eyed man subsequently lost the remaining eye, or where a one-armed or a one-legged man subsequently lost the remaining arm or leg. This uncertainty- was attempted to be removed by the Acts of the Thirty-seventh and Acts of the Thirty-eighth General Assemblies of Iowa. Prior to the adoption of these amendments, the lаw provided that the loss of an eye should be compensated by the payment of a percentage of wages during the period of '100 weeks. Nothing was said, however, about the period of compensation in the event that such loss was sustained by а workman who, at the time of the injury, had but one eye. The industrial commission was at liberty to follow the provisions of the law which said that the loss of both eyes should constitute permanent- total disability, and could allow such compensation as would be equivalеnt to the difference between the payments to be made for one eye and the payments to be made for permanent disability. See
Jennings v. Mason City Sewer Pipe Co.,
The Original provisions with respect to unusual eases have been corrected by the legislature. For example, it is now provided that the loss of a remaining eye shall be compensated for' 200 weeks. It clearly contemplates also the case of a one-armed or one-legged man, and to avoid any uncertainty it is provided that only the loss of two arms or two legs canned by a single accident shall constitute total and permanent disability, to be compensated according to the provisions governing сases of total permanent disability. Chapter 270, Section 7, Acts of *611 the Thirty-seventh General Assembly (Section 1396, Paragraph 19, Code of 1924).
The law applicable to this case is found in Section 2477-m9, Code Supplement, 1913, as amended by Chapter 270, Acts of the Thirty-seventh General Assembly, and Chapter 220, Acts of the Thirty-eighth General Assembly.
“(j) For disability partial in character and permanent in quality, the compensation shall be as follows:
“For all cases included in the following schedule, compensation shall be paid as fоllows, to wit: * * *
“(13) The loss of two thirds of that part of an arm between the shoulder joint and the elbow joint shall constitute the loss of an arm, and the compensation therefor shall be sixty (60) per cent of the average weekly wages during two1 hundred twenty-five (225) weeks. * * *
“(20) In all оther cases in this, clause (j), the compensation shall bear such relation to the amount stated in the above schedule as the disability bears to those produced by the injuries named in the schedule. Should the employee and employer be unablе to agree upon the amount of compensation to be paid in eases not specifically covered by the schedule, the amount of compensation shall be settled according to provisions of this act as in other cases of disagreement. ’ ’
Under the stipulation, the loss is agreed to be that of an arm at the juncture of the lower third of the humerus with the middle third of that bone. The schedule provides that the loss of two thirds of that part of an arm between the shoulder joint and the elbow joint shall equal the loss of an arm. In this case, there was no such loss. Therefore, it cannot be said that the loss was equal to the loss of an arm.
By reference to Paragraphs 12 and 13 of the schedule; Section 2477-m9 (j), it is seen that the compensation for the loss of a hand is for 150 weeks, and for the loss of an arm two thirds of the way up on the upper bone, it is for 225 weeks. It therefore follows that in the case at bar the compensation must be for less than 225 weeks. The statute provides (Section 2477-m.9 [j]) that, in such cases аs are not .specifically provided for in the schedule, such compensation shall be paid as the loss sustained bears to the enumerated losses; and therefore it became *612 the duty of the commissioner to determine the compensatiоn when more than the hand has been taken, but less than an arm. In other words, he is to determine how much should be added to the hand schedule, and how much deducted from the arm schedule, in arriving at the compensation to be allowed. The commissioner determinеd that 200 weeks, or 8/9ths of the time named in Paragraph 13, should be the basis.
It is further provided, under the law in force at the time of this accident, Section 2477-m9 (j) (20), that such cases should be settled in the same manner as other disagreements under the act; and, in view of the waivеr- of arbitration of the parties, the industrial commissioner properly exercised his. power to determine the extent of the loss and the cómpen-sat}0J1 payabie therefor. Under our decisions, his decision is conclusive.
Royal v. Hawkeye Portland Cement Co.,
It may also be noticed thаt the legislature has further in- ■ dicated that it had in mind the matter of successive injuries, since, in Section 2477-ml5 (h), Code Supplement, 1913, it is expressly provided that, where a workman has been injured, and was paid compensation under the terms of the act, the compеnsation for each subsequent injury shall be apportioned according to the proportion of incapacity and disability caused by the respective injuries which he may have suffered.
In passing, it may be stated that, since the ruling in the Jennings case, supra, the legislature by amendments has changed thе basis of this decision. One amendment heretofore cited 'requires that a double dismemberment must be caused by a single accident, to constitute total permanent disability, and the other provides compensation for 200 weeks for the loss of the last and only eye. These amendments clearly remove any doubt as to what the consequence is when two members of the body are lost in separate accidents.
As bearing on this question, the decisions of courts of last resort of our sister states in construing similar statutes may be cited*
Weaver v. Maxwell Motor Co.,
It may be said that the arguments on behalf of the claimant in this case are worthy of commendation. The claimant has suffered a misfortune beyond that which any money consideration can relieve, or for which it can compensate him. However, we cannot ignore the intent of the law. Compensation statutes are liberally construed.
Bidwell Coal Co. v. Davidson,
It is our conclusion, therefore, that the decision of the Iowa industrial commissioner must be sustained. The district court erred in its award of 225 weeks.
Did the trial court err in allowing interest on the payments that are claimed to have beеn tendered by the employer prior to the commencement of this proceeding?
In the opinion of the industrial commissioner, which was certified on appeal to the district court, it is recited that the defendants aver that at all times since the sеcond accident they baYe been willinS t0 PaJ» and bave made re-peated tenders of compensation, at the weekly rate stipulated, for a period of 200 weeks. In the finding made by the commissioner, compensation was allowed to the claimant for a period of 200 weeks without interest. Under this record, it must be held that the commissioner made a finding of fact on this matter. Does legal principle sustain the finding?
Since the employer tendered, without condition, the amount as claimed per week, and kept that tender good, he should not be required to pay interest upon the amounts so tendered. The general law must govern, under such circumstances. Metropolitan Nat. Bank v. Commercial St. Bank, 104. Iowa 682. The employee simply refused to accept the weekly payments until *614 the number of wеeks for which he-was entitled to receive compensation was determined. There was no question that the injury arose out of and in the course of his employment with the defendant. Liability was admitted, and necessarily so; and there was no legal reason for the claimant to refuse the weekly payments in proper amounts.
, The acceptance of the tender could not in any way have' prejudiced the claimant’s case. The law wisely guards him against such a danger. It is provided that any paymеnt to be made under this act may be reviewed by the industrial commissioner at the request of the em-P^°7er or the employee, and on such review ft may be ended, diminished, or increased, subject to the amounts provided in the act, if the commissioner finds-that the cоndition of the employee warrants • such action. Section 2477-m34, Code Supplement, 1913.
The ruling of the industrial commissioner was correct. It follows, therefore, that the cross-appeal of the defendants must be sustained, and the judgment entered by the trial court modified in the particulars set out in this opinion.
It is ordered that the trial court enter a judgment in conformity to the rulings herein made. — Modified and affirmed.