Palo Alto County v. Harrison

68 Iowa 81 | Iowa | 1885

Eeed, J.

l. practice courtP:raddistraéefiled after argilment closed, After appellee had filed his argument, appellant filed an amended abstract, in which some portion of the evidence was more fully set out than was done in the original abstract. Appellee then filed a motion to strike this abstract from the files, on . . the ground that it was not filed until after his argument was filed; also to strike out the evidence and affirm the judgment, for the reason that it appeared that certain items of evidence offered in tlie district court liad not been certified by the trial judge, and were not included in the abstract; and that the certificate of tlie trial judge does not identify the evidence offered with sufficient certainty; and that all of the evidence offered in the case was not before this court. It was held by this court in Johnson v. Chicago, R. I. & P. R’y Co., 51 Iowa, 25; Rogers v. Carman, 54 Id., 715; and In re Will of Caywood, 56 Id., 301, that we would not consider the additional abstracts which had been filed without leave by the appellants after the cases had been fully argued by appellees. This ruling was based, however,’ in each case, on the particular facts of that case, and was not intended as the announcement of a rule of universal application. In each case the additional abstract was filed, either at the time or after the submission of the cause, or so near the time of the submission as to give the other side no opportunity to correct any errors or misstatements which might be contained in it. It is manifest that to permit a party to file an additional abstract under such circumstances would be to give him a great advantage over his adversary, and would lead to great abuses in practice. In the present case, however, the abstract objected to was served on appellee, and filed, some three months before the cause was submitted, lie lias had every opportunity to examine it and correct any misstatements or errors contained in it, and he has filed an additional argument based in part on the record as made by the additional abstract. The case, therefore, does not come within the reason of the holding of the cases cited. The additional abstract is essential to a fair presentation of the cause, and there is no valid reason for disregarding it. The rules of practice in courts of last resort ought to be framed and interpreted with a view, rather to the submission of causes upon their merits, than to their disposition on merely technical grounds.

2. practice: cause?oSer-y mentsin evidenee: liow done. II. The certificate of the trial judge shows that defendant offered in evidence a certified copy'of the book of original entries, so f&r sis tlie same sliows tli© swamp and overflowed lands in Palo Alto county; also a certified copy of tlie list of swamp-land selections in the county, showing the date of the selections, the agent by whom selected, date of the patent of such as had been patented, and tbe date of the rejection of such as had been rejected, — but neither of these documents is contained in the transcript, or set out in the abstract. This omission is one ground of the motion to strike out the evidence and affirm the judgment. The certificate states that the offer to introduce the copy of the book of original entries consisted merely of the bare statement of the offer, but that no certified copy of the book was. ever filed in the case, or produced on the trial. As the offer to introduce the copy was made by defendant, it was bis business to file it with the evidence in the case, or at least produce it on the trial, that it might be seen and considered by the court in determining the case. As he did neither, the presumption is that he abandoned the offer, or rather, it would be more accurate to say that, as he neither filed the document in the case nor produced it on the trial, he did not offer it in evidence; for his mere oral statement that he offered it, without more, did not amount to an offer to introduce it in evidence. The rule certainly is that all matters introduced in evidence on the trial, or actually offered in evidence in cases triable d& novo in this court, should be brought up on appeal to this court; and it lias frequently been held that we could not try tbe case anew unless we bad all of tbe evidence before us.

3. PRACTICE in supreme court: trial de novo: immaterial evidence omitted from record. If it should appear, however, from an inspection of tbe record, that some item of evidence which was irrelevant to any issue in tlie case, or entirely immaterial, was omitted from it, we would not, on account of such omission, refuse to try the case anew. To warrant ns, however, in so trying the cause, the irrelevancy or immateriality of the omitted testimony must be made clearly to appear by tbe record itself. The substancé of what was shown by the list of swamp-land selections which was offered in evidence, but is omitted from the transcript and abstract, as shown by defendant’s statement at the time he made the offer, is set out in the certificate of the trial judge; and it is entirely clear from the statement, we think, that said list is neither relevant nor material. Counsel for appellee have not suggested wherein they claim it is material, nor have they advised us of any object they had in view when they offered it in evidence, or of any legitimate purpose which it serves in the case. They stand on what they claim is the rule in every such case, insisting, in effect, that, as the list was introduced in evidence, the case cannot be tried anew in this court, even though its irrelevancy and immateriality should be apparent. We think, however, that the rule should not be made to work such a result.

4. practice: ofeaocumon-n for purposes6 of appeal. III. The other ground of the motion is that the certificate does not identify the evidence with sufficient certainty to enable this court to determine whether we have ^ie same instruments of evidence before us which were introduced on the trial in the district court. The certificate is not attached to the evidence, but it identifies the different instruments of evidence with as much certainty, we think, as is possible under the circumstances. The depositions are identified by giving the names of the witnesses, and the name of the officer by whom they were taken, and by giving the date when they were filed in the case, and the different items of documentary and record evidence are all identified by letters and numbers, or by such references to their date and contents, or to the book and page where recorded, as would enable the clerk in making up the transcript to determine, with reasonable certainty, what was intended. The identification, we think, is as perfect as could reasonably be required in any case. The motion will, therefore, be overruled.

„ „ oomUtSous o*£ oontraeuont: swamplands: ratification by electors procured by íraud: failure of consideration. IV. The contract betweén Clark and the county was entered into on behalf of the county by the county judge, who, under the laws then in force, was the fiscal agent Bie county. By the contract Clark undertook to build at the county seat, for the use and benefit of the county, one two-story brick ■, , , building, also a one-story brick school-house, and . _ . two bridges over the west fork ox the Bes Moines . ° river, in the county. All of the work was to be completed by the first of December, 1861, and it was to be commenced by the first of April, 1860. The county agreed, in consideration of the doing of this work, to convey to Clark all the lands which had then accrued, or which might thereafter accrue to it, under the swamp-laud grant. The contract was submitted to the electors of the county for their approval or rejection at a special election which was called for that purpose. At that time there were not over forty voters in the county, and not more than twenty-five votes were cast at said election, all of which, except three, were in favor of approving the contract. Clark afterwards assigned the contract to Stockdale, who executed to the county a bond in the penalty of $75,000, conditioned for the performance of Clark’s undertakings in the contract. In December, 1869, the county judge executed to Stockdale a conveyance of about 71,000 acres of land. No part of this land had then been patented to the county, but over 50,000 acres of it was subsequently patented as swamp and overflowed land. When said conveyance was executed, no part of the work on said buildings and bridges bad been performed. Stockdale, however, proceeded afterwards with the work on the buildings. The two-story building was put in such condition as that the county was able to occupy and use it as a courthouse and for county offices, but it never was completed, and the school-house was never put in a condition to be occupied or used for the purpose for which it was erected, and nothing at all was ever done towards the erection of the two bridges. In 1865 the county brought suit on the bond, and recovered judgment against Stockdale and his sureties for §9,760.80 as damages for the non-performance of the contract. This judgment was subsequently compromised, Stock-dale agreeing to convey to the county two squares of ground in the town-site of Paoli, and to erect a court-house for the county in satisfaction of the judgment. He executed the conveyances, and erected a building, which the county occupied and used as a court-house for three or four years, but he never completed it.

It is alleged in the reply that the execution of the contract by the county judge, and its approval by the electors, was procured by bribery and corruption. The evidence shows that, before the election at which the question whether the contract should be approved was voted.on, Stockdale, who was then acting as agent for Clark in the matter, promised the electors that, in case the contract was ratified, each voter in the county should have the opportunity to acquire 160 acres of the land, and to pay for the same in labor on the improvements which were to be made for the county under the contract. This promise was made for the purpose of inducing the electors to vote for the approval of the contract, and it undoubtedly had that effect. He subsequently made conveyances of portions of the land to residents of the county. In some instances the parties to whom the conveyances were made performed labor in payment for the land, and in others no consideration was paid for the conveyances. Other objections are urged against said contract, but in the view we take of the case it is unnecessary to set them out. Defendant’s cross-petition is in the nature of a bill to enforce a specific performance of the contract by the county. The general rule is that courts of equity will decree the specific performance of a contract to convey real estate when the contract is in writing, is certain and fair in all its parts, and was fairly entered into, and is for an adequate consideration, and is capable of being performed. T Story, Eq. Jur., § 751.

It is well settled, however, that “the specific execution of a contract in equity is a matter not of absolute right in the party, but of sound discretion in the court,” and a specific performance will not be decreed when the contract is founded in fraud, imposition, mistake, or undue advantage, or is not supported by an adequate consideration. 1 Story, Eq. Jur., § § 742, 750, 769. See, also, Mechanics’ Bank of Alexandria v. Lynn, 1 Pet., 376; Cathcart v. Robinson, 5 Id., 264; Taylor v. Longworth, 14 Id., 172.

Whatever rights defendant has under the Clark contract were acquired under a quitclaim deed from Stockdale. Conceding that this conveyance operated to transfer to him all of the rights acquired by Stockdale under the contract, it is clear that he acquired no greater interest in the subject than Stockdale possessed; and it is manifest, we think, that there is no equitable ground upon which he could have demanded the specific enforcement of the agreement. Under the statute in force at the time, the favorable vote of the electors of the county was essential to the validity of the contract. The question which the electors were called upon to determine was one of public concern, and should have been determined solely upon considerations of public interest. By Stock-dale’s management, however, it was made a matter of mere private concern to the voters, and the}’- were induced to determine the question with reference solely to their own private interests. The contract, then, was founded in fraud. It was never fairly entered into by the county. In addition to this, the county has never received the benefits for which it contracted. Stockdale has never, in good faith, performed the undertakings of the agreement. As he procured the contract to be ratified by fraudulent means, and has not performed its conditions, a court of equity will not lend him its aid in enforcing it.

6 _. con_ in&iual!11'iea sfderation0:011’ judgment^ against delinquent. Y. It is insisted, however, that, as the county instituted suit on the bond, and recovered judgment for the damages it sustained in consequence of his non-performance of the contract, and accepted what he paid in satisfaction of the judgment, it is now estopped from denying the validity of the contract, or from asserting that it has not received its full consid- . ° eration.

There are two satisfactory answers to this proposition: (1) Stockdale has never fully performed the agreement upon which the judgment was satisfied. lie has never completed the court-house which he agreed to build for the county in part satisfaction of the judgment. (2) Before the action on the bond was instituted he had conveyed to thiid parties nearly all of the lands included in the deed from the county to him. The county, therefore, had no adequate remedy against him, except by an action upon the bond for the damages sustained by it in consequence of his failure to perform the contract. It might, it is true, have maintained an action in equity for the annulment of the conveyance, but this would have afforded it no remedy as to the lands which he had conveyed away. ITe compelled it, then, to either seek a remedy against his wrongful acts by an action on the bond, or to go without remedy therefor; and he should not be permitted to assert that, by adopting the remedy which he compels it to adopt, it estopped itself from setting up its equitable defense against the claim that is here made. To hold otherwise would be to permit him to profit by his own wrong.

7. COUNTIES: swamp lands: persmis^propatents for: v01d' YI. The remaining question in the case is whether defendant is entitled to judgment enforcing the conveyance of the property under the contract between him i i ¿ and Shea and the county. That contract is as follows: “ The swamp and overflowed lands in Balo Alto county, Iowa, being in an unsettled condition, large quantities having been selected as swamp and overflowed land and never patented as such,. and, on account of such unsettled conditon of said lands, said county has been at .a great loss from year to year of revenue and taxes on said lands, and lias liad to refund large sums of money on said lands because the same were unpatented and improperly taxed and sold for taxes; and.the county is in great danger of losing large sums of money from year to year in the future on account of the unsettled condition of said lands; and said county desires to have the question as to whether said lands are swamp or overflowed lands, or high lands, settled as soon as possible, that they may become taxable, and the county derive revenue and taxes therefrom, — W. II. Shea and T. W. Harrison are authorized and required to investigate the condition of said lands, and as soon as possible procure the patenting of such as are swamp or overflowed lands, and the cancellation of the swamp claim upon such as are dry lands; said county to pay to said W. H. Shea and T. W. Harrison the actual expenses as to all said lands that may be decided to be dry, not to exceed in any event fifty dollars, in county warrants; and if any settler desires to include homestead lands, they to pay their proportion of the expense; and said W. II. Shea and T. W. Harrison are to pay the actual expenses as to all said lands that shall be patented as swamp or overflowed lands, and said Palo Alto county shall convey and quitclaim to said W. II. Shea and T. W. Harrison all the swamp and overflowed lands in said county patented as such, which are not described in the deed therefor made by said county to John M. Stockdale, as recorded in Heed-book A.,1 on pages 36-61, inclusive, of the records of said Palo Alto county; said conveyance to be made, by specific description of the lands to said W. II. Shea and T. W. Harrison upon demand of said W. II. Shea and T. W. Harrison, and production of proof that said lands have been patented as swamp or overflowed lands; and said W. II. Shea and T. W. Harrison shall hold said county harmless from any claim of said John M. Stoclc- . dale to any of said lands which are not described in said deed, as recorded on pages 36-61, inclusive, of Deed-book {A ’ of the records of said county.” It is alleged in the reply that the board of supervisors never assented to this contract; that three members of said board signed it, but that their signatures were obtained by fraud and misrepresentation by defendant as to the contents of the instrument, and the board rescinded the agreement as soon as this fraud was discovered; also that the contract is void for the reason that the board of supervisors had no power to appropriate the swamp and overflowed lands of the county to the object to which they attempted to appropriate them by said contract.

In the view we take of this last question, it will be unnecessary to go into the questions made by the reply with reference to the execution of the contract. The undertaking of Shea and defendant in the agreement is that they will examine the condition of the lands which had been selected as swamp and overflowed lands, and procure the patenting of such swamp lands as had not been patented, and the cancellation of the swamp claim upon such as were dry. As compensation for these services, the county agreed to convey to them all lands which had been or which might be patented to it, and which were not included in the deed to Stockdale; and, in addition thereto, to pay them their actual expenses in procuring the cancellation of the swamp-land claim on such lands as should be found to be dry. The county had no interest in any of the lands, except such as were to inure to defendant arid Shea under the contract. The only benefit or advantage which it could gain from the contract was the taxation in the future of such lands as had been selected as swamp, but which were then not taxable by reason of the fact that the swamp claim had not yet been determined. This is named as the consideration which induced it to enter into the contract. In effect, the contract appropriates all of the swamp lands belonging to the county as compensation for such services as should be rendered in procuring the patenting of the portion not yet patented. It is apparent that no interest of the county in the lands could be protected by this contract. Stockdale or his grantees might be benefited by tlie services which defendant and Shea might render under it; but as all the lands in which the county had any interest were to be appropriated in payment for tlie services, it is apparent tliat it could derive no immediate benefit from it. The board of supervisors bad no power to appropriate the land to that object.

The objects to which the counties may appropriate the swamp lands within their borders are defined by the statute under which the lands were granted by tlie state to tlie counties, and the subsequent legislation on the subject; and it was held by tliis court in Allen v. Cerro Gordo Co., 34 Iowa, 54, that as an incident of tlieir ownership of the property they had the power to do whatever, in tlie judgment of their officers, was necessary for tlie protection of tlieir interest therein, and the perfecting of their title thereto. But the contract in question is clearly not within the principle of that decision. We think it clear that defendant is not entitled to a judgment for the specific performance of either of said contracts in question. The judgment of the district court will be reversed, and the cause will be remanded, with directions to enter a judgment dismissing defendant’s cross-petition, and quieting plaintiff’s title to the property; or, at plaintiff’s election, such judgment will be entered in this court.

Beversed.