39 N.H. 486 | N.H. | 1859
The action of trespass quare clausum is brought to recover damages for an injury to the plaintiff’s possession of real estate. The substance of the declaration is, that the defendant has forcibly and wrongly injured real property in the possession of the plaintiff. Though the title or right of property in the locus may, and often does, come in controversy, yet the gist of the action is always the injury done to the plaintiff’s possession, actual
It is not necessary for the plaintiff, in declaring, to describe his close by boundaries or abuttals, or even by name. If he declare generally, and the defendant plead the general issue, be may give evidence of a trespass in any part of the township wherein his close is alleged to be located. Martin v. Kesterton, 2 W. Bl. 1089; Goodright v. Rich, 7 T. R. 335; Green v. Jones, 1 Wms. Saund. 299 b, note 6; Noyes v. Colby, 30 N. H. 143; Com. Dig., Trespass, 3, M. (5).
But as this general mode of declaring subjects the defendant to the inconvenience of not knowing in what part of the town named the trespass intended in the declaration was committed, he is permitted to plead what is usually called the common.bar, that the close mentioned in the declaration, without describing it, is his soil and freehold. This plea the plaintiff cannot successfully traverse if the defendant has any land in that town, and, therefore, he is generally driven to new assign, and define with proper exactness the place of the alleged trespass. Same authorities, ubi supra; Helwis v. Lombe, 2 Salk. 453; 6 Mod. 117, 118, 119; Lambert v. Strother, Willes 223.
When, however, the plaintiff has described his close, either in the original declaration or by a new assignment, he is entitled to recover, if he prove a trespass in any part thereof which he shows himself to have had, or to have been entitled to have, the possession of at the time of the injury proved. It is not necessary that he should prove himself to have been entitled to the whole of the close described. Winkworth v. Man, Yelv. 114, S. C., Cro. Jac. 183, 1 Brownlow 210, Noy 125; Wood v. Budden, Hobart 119, a; Stevens v. Whistler, 11 East 51; Peaslee v. Wadleigh, 5 N. H. 322; Wheeler v. Rowell, 7 N. H. 515; Stark. Ev. 1229, 1234; Knowles v. Dow, 20 N. H. 135; Durgin v. Leighton, 10 Mass. 56.
In the case before us, the plaintiff' describes the place of the alleged trespass by naming its boundaries or abuttals, among which it is said to be bounded westerly by land occupied by two of the defendants. This description is prima facie sufficiently definite and certain, on the principle that that is certain which may be made so. Having named the abuttals of his close, the plaintiff will be bound to prove them substantially as alleged, because to maintain his action he must show a trespass within the limits of the close described; White v. Mosely, 5 Pick. 230; and it cannot appear upon demurrer that this cannot be done. The limits of the occupation of the two defendants named is matter of evidence to the jury. If the jury shall find that they occupied land adjoining the plaintiff’s close, on the westerly side thereof, and that the plaintiff was entitled to the possession of any part of the close described, and the defendants trespassed upon that part, the plaintiff' will be entitled to recover.
It has been urged in argument that it would have been matter of great convenience to the defendants if the plain
The plaintiff’s declaration being sufficient, the demurrer thereto must be overruled.
Demurrer overruled.
Doe, J., did not sit.