251 F. 218 | 9th Cir. | 1918
The Western Pacific Railroad Company, to be called “plaintiff,” brought this action against the Pacific Mail Steamship Company to recover $7,341.46, as the inland proportion on freight charges on through shipments moving 'between points in the United States and oriental ports. The Steamship Company, admitted that $5,233.08 of the sum claimed was due, but denied any greater indebtedness. Tender and refusal were had. The Steamship Company, as an offset, pleaded that the terminal tariffs of the Railroad Company published and filed as required by the act to regulate commerce, provided that the Railroad Company would absorb state toll on the shipments involved, and alleged that the terminal tariffs, while published
These additional facts appear in the answer; The Railroad Company published and filed with the Interstate Commerce Commission, as lequired by law and the rules of the Commission, its terminal tariffs providing for the absorption by it, among oilier charges, of the state tolls assessed by the Board of State Harbor Commissioners for the port of San Francisco, on shipments originating or delivered at wharves served by the Southern Pacific Company, the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fé Railway Company, and the Beit bine Railroad, “on all competitive traffic” originating at or destined to oriental ports in cases where the Wesicaii Pacific “receives the hue haul.” The taiiifs covering absorptions to be made are more fully cited as follows;
“At San Francisco, Cal., tins company will absorb switching charge! of KL."0 i«-r car for switching fraghg carloads, to or from wharves served by the Southern Pacific Company, 1lio Atchison, Topeka & Sania JV5 Railway (coast Unes) and the State Belt Mailway; also will absorb state toll.- Loading and unloading charges will also be absorbed except on lumber and its products. At Oakland (Western Pacific IVIole), Cal., this company will absorb wharfage and handling charges on all freight except lumber and its products and empty carriers returned.
“2. On all compel it ive traffic, except as provided for in paragraph No. I, received from or delivered to vessels at wharves of the Southern Pacific Company, Atchison, Topeka & Santa iffi Railway Company (coast lines), or State Belt line Railway at San IiTanc-isco, Cal., this company will absorb switching charge of SvCifi per car; also will absorb state toll.”
In compliance with the rules of the Board oí State Harbor Commissioners, the Steamship Company paid the state tolls on the shipments received on board from tlie railroad and delivered on Piers 42 and 44 from the ships, the tolls “which were required to be paid by the vessels of the Steamship Company receiving and discharging such cargo,” ; mounting to $2,069.25, and also paid the freight for the Railroad Company in error on 30 packages carried by tlie Steamship Company and delivered to the Railroad Company, making a total of $2,10.1.38 paid by the Steamship Company in behalf of the Western Pacific. The. Steamship Company collected $7,341.46 on shipments originating at Manila and transported to San Francisco and there delivered 1o the Railroad Company, die amount named representing the freight accruing on such shipments to the Railroad Company for transporting from San Francisco to final Eastern points, and tlie Steamship Company retained out of the amount so collected $2,069.25, state tolls, which it is alleged tlie Railroad Company under its terminal tariffs agreed to absorb, and also retained freight charges of $39.13.
Section 6 of the act to regulate commerce (Act Feb. 4, 1887, c. 104, 24 Stat. 380 [Comp. St. 1916, § 8569]) provides that every common carrier subject to the provisions of the act shall file and keep open to inspection schedules showing rates and charges for transportation between different points on its own route and between points on its own route and points on the route of any other carrier by railroad or by water when a through rate and joint rate have been established; that if no joint rate over the through route has been established the several carriers in such through route shall file the separately established rates and charges applied to through transportation. The schedules shall plainly state the places between which property will be carried, and shall also state separately all terminal charges and all other charges which the Commission may require, all privileges or facilities granted, and any rules which may change, affect, or determine any part of the aggregate of such rates and charges or the value of the service rendered to the shipper or consignee. The schedules must be printed and copies kept for use of the public in such form that they shall be accessible to the public and can be conveniently inspected. The provisions of the section apply “to all traffic, transportation and facilities defined in this act.”
Inasmuch as it is beyond controversy that transportation and traffic by ocean carriers engaged in transportation to nonadjacent foreign countries is not defined or included in the act to regulate commerce, it must follow that the jurisdiction of the Interstate Commerce Commission cannot extend to carriers engaged in such traffic. In Cosmopolitan Shipping Co. v. Hamburg-American Packet Co., supra, the Commission recognized the limitations upon its jurisdiction where the question of control over ocean carriers was presented, and announced that the line must be drawn decisively between those carriers whose rates and practices the Commission could control and those which it could not control, and held that joint rates could not be made between carriers subject to the act and those not subject to it. In Chamber of Commerce-of New York v. New York Central & Hudson River R. R. Co., 24 Interst. Com. Com’n 55, the Commission, assuming it had no'jurisdiction over ocean rates, said that rates to and from ports must be published as' independent from the ocean transportation and are subject to the provision of the act to regulate commerce.
With the foregoing provisions making clear distinction between the liability of the inland carrier and of the ocean carrier, it would seem to be conclusive that the tariff of the Railroad Company must he limited to the field of the operation of the service performed by it, and cannot relate to liability, service, or obligation of the ocean carrier. The office of the terminal tariff is to inform the shipper and receiver of freight just what services and charges of a local nature may be made, and which are not incorporated in the tariffs of rates on the main lines. We have an illustration in the Western Pacific terminal tariff, where it is published that the road will absorb switching charges fixed at (12.50 per car, and also state toll. The main line rate provides for carrying the shipment without additional charge to the point of delivery to the connecting ocean carrier. By the terminal tariff there is notice that there will be absorption of two additional charges, the switching charge of connecting rail carriers and whatever state toll there may be as incidental to the rail haul by the rail carrier.
We think that the switching charge means the charge for delivery service of the connecting rail line and that the state toll covers the charge by the state for like service where toll may be charged as an incident to the rail haul and within the service comprehended by the Act to Regulate Commerce. -This is but to say that, where'the rail carrier has delivered at ship’s tackle, it has completed the rail service as contemplated by the tariffs filed pursuant to the act of Congress, and from then on the service and obligations, including tolls levied by the state, are to be assumed by the water carrier transporting to a nonadjacent country, not regulated or controlled by the referred to> act. The reasonableness of such a view accords with the general applicability of the act to regulate interstate commerce by confining the scope of regulations to such charges for transfer services as are within the field of
It is suggested by the Steamship Company that it has been the custom for the rail carrier to pay charges like those involved in this controversy. No written contract for payment is alleged, and we cannot reach a point where there is ambiguity which would permit the court to rest its decision upon a custom.
Judgment affirmed.