111 N.C. App. 900 | N.C. Ct. App. | 1993
On 15 December 1988, plaintiff Valleree L. Owens suffered an accidental injury when her hand was crushed in a hydraulic press at her place of employment, W. K. Deal Printing, Inc. Plaintiff suffered 60% permanent disability to the right hand. As a result, plaintiff filed a claim for workers’ compensation benefits with the North Carolina Industrial Commission (hereafter Industrial Com
Plaintiff submitted the clincher agreement to the Industrial Commission who approved the agreement on 26 August 1991. After plaintiff had entered into an agreement with the Industrial Commission, plaintiff filed a claim for personal injury against the defendant employer on 13 December 1991 pursuant to a case decided by the Supreme Court of North Carolina on 14 August 1991, Woodson v. Rowland, 329 N.C. 330, 407 S.E.2d 222 (1991).
Defendant filed an answer 21 January 1992 pleading the clincher agreement as a bar to plaintiff’s cause of action. The motion was heard on 11 May 1992 by Judge Caviness who granted defendant’s summary judgment as a matter of law. Plaintiff gave timely notice of appeal.
The dispositive issue before this Court is whether the trial judge erred by granting summary judgment as a matter of law against plaintiff.
Summary judgment is appropriately granted only where no disputed issues of genuine fact have been presented and the undisputed facts show that a party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Minor v. Minor, 70 N.C. App. 76, 318 S.E.2d 865, cert. denied, 312 N.C. 495, 322 S.E.2d 558 (1984). A defending party is entitled to summary judgment if the defendant can show that the claimant cannot prove the existence of an essential element of the claim or cannot surfnount an affirmative defense which would bar the claim. Little v. National Service Industries, Inc., 79 N.C. App. 688, 340 S.E.2d 510 (1986).
Plaintiff in this action has filed a complaint alleging rights as set out in Woodson, 329 N.C. 330, 407 S.E.2d 222. In order to dispose of this case, we now consider Woodson. Woodson involved a wrongful death action arising from a work-related cave-in which killed Thomas Alfred Sprouse. The plaintiff in that case was the administrator of Sprouse’s estate. The plaintiff in Woodson filed a workers’ compensation claim with the North Carolina Industrial Commission and civil claims against the employer and general contractor, simultaneously. The defendants filed a summary judgment motion on the theory that the Workers’ Compensation Act shielded the employer from civil liability for intentional tort. On
that when an employer intentionally engages in misconduct knowing it is substantially certain to cause serious injury or death to employees and an employee is injured or killed by that misconduct, that employee, or the personal representative of the estate in case of death, may pursue a civil action against the employer. Such misconduct is tantamount to an intentional tort, and civil actions based thereon are not barred by the exclusivity provisions of the Act. Because, as also discussed in a subsequent portion of this opinion, the injury or death caused by such misconduct is nonetheless the result of an accident under the Act, workers’ compensation claims may also be pursued. There may, however, only be one recovery....
Woodson, 329 N.C. at 340-41, 407 S.E.2d at 228.
Plaintiff argues that Woodson is to be applied retroactively and as such, plaintiff should not be foreclosed from pursuing an intentional tort claim against defendant.
Although plaintiff is correct in her argument that Woodson is to be applied retroactively if the facts are applicable, Dunleavy v. Yates Construction Company, Inc., 106 N.C. App. 146, 416 S.E.2d 193, disc. review denied, 332 N.C. 343, 421 S.E.2d 146 (1992), the facts in the present case and the facts in Woodson and Dunleavy are distinguishable. The plaintiffs in Woodson and Dunleavy filed their claims for workers’ compensation benefits and their civil actions against the respective defendants simultaneously. The plaintiffs never signed any forms settling their cases nor did the plaintiffs sign any forms relinquishing their rights to recover further monies from the incident.
In the case sub judice, plaintiff filed a civil action against defendant after settlement of the workers’ compensation claim. On 20 August 1991, plaintiff entered into an agreement for “final compromise settlement and release.” The agreement stated in pertinent part:
This instrument contains the entire agreement between the parties hereto and the terms of this release and agreement are contractual and not mere recitals, and the sum of money recited in this agreement to be paid upon order of the In*903 dustrial Commission is all that the said Employee-Plaintiff will ever receive for any alleged injury described herein.
On 13 December 1991, plaintiff filed a claim for personal injuries suffered as a result of the accident.
As Woodson clearly stated there can only be one recovery and we find that plaintiff made an election of remedies by pursuing her workers’ compensation action to a final award. North Carolina law states that once a person signs a release relinquishing all of his rights, he shall have no further claims as a result of that action. Sherill v. Little, 193 N.C. 736, 738, 138 S.E. 14, 15 (1927).
Accordingly, the decision of the trial court is affirmed.
