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Overbaugh v. SchettiniOverbaugh v. Schettini

Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York
Feb 14, 2013
Versions:103 A.D.3d 972
962 N.Y.S.2d 369
Marshalling content...

Berns v Halberstam, 46 AD3d 808, 809 [2007]; accord Matter of Tanenbaum v Caputo, 81 AD3d 839, 839 [2011]; see Gardo v Radominski, 252 AD2d 971, 972 [1998]). “However, a party may seek the recovery of fees under both the statute and an agreement, unless the agreement contains an express waiver of the right to apply under the statute . . . , [and] provided that the party may not recover twice for the same fees” (Alan D. Scheinkman, Practice Commentaries, McKinney‘s Cons Laws of NY, Book 14, Domestic Relations Law C237:1 at 19; see generally Millard v Millard, 246 AD2d 349, 350 [1998]; Canick v Canick, 122 AD2d 767, 768-769 [1986]). While noncompliance with a separation agreement by both parties may justify denial of an application for fees under the statute as well, a statutory award of counsel fees remains discretionary (see Canick v Canick, 122 AD2d at 769). Moreover, the statute contains a rebuttable presumption that counsel fees shall be awarded to the less monied spouse (see Domestic Relations Law §§ 237, 238).

Here, the separation agreement does not contain an express waiver of counsel fees under the statute and, thus, the discretionary award was permissible. Although both parties have failed to abide by the separation agreement to some extent as set forth in our prior decision, we conclude that the interim award of appellate counsel fees pursuant to the Domestic Relations Law was not an abuse of discretion under the circumstances of this case—including defendant‘s status as the less monied spouse and the fact that she is the party who substantially prevailed on the prior appeal.

The parties’ remaining arguments have been considered and found to lack merit.

Spain, Stein and McCarthy, JJ., concur. Ordered that the order is affirmed, without costs.

Egan Jr., J. Appeal from an order of the Family Court of Albany County (Duggan, J.), entered April 17, 2012, which, in a proceeding pursuant to Family Ct Act article 4, denied respondent‘s objections to an order of support.

Petitioner (hereinafter mother) and respondent (hereinafter the father) are the parents of a son (born in 1996). Following their separation, the parties executed an opting-out agreement, which—insofar as is relevant here—provided that a certain child support order issued by the Family Court of Greene County in 1999 would be incorporated but not merged into a future judgment of divorce. Consistent with the parties’ expectations, both the opting-out agreement and the support order referenced therein were incorporated but not merged into their 2000 judgment of divorce.

Thereafter, in April 2011, the mother commenced this proceeding seeking an upward modification of the father‘s child support obligation. A Support Magistrate granted the application, prompting the father to file various objections thereto, including—insofar as is relevant here—that the Support Magistrate applied the wrong legal standard in evaluating and granting the mother‘s application. Family Court upheld the Support Magistrate‘s decision, and this appeal by the father ensued.

Both the Support Magistrate and Family Court erred in concluding that the mother need only demonstrate a substantial change in circumstances in order to obtain the requested upward modification of the father‘s child support obligation. The case law makes clear that a party seeking to modify “a child support provision derived from an agreement or stipulation incorporated but not merged into a divorce decree has the burden of proving that the agreement was unfair or inequitable when entered into or that an unanticipated and unreasonable change of circumstances has occurred resulting in a concomitant increased need or that the needs of the child[ ] are not being adequately met” (Matter of Sidoti v Sidoti, 41 AD3d 944, 944-945 [2007] [internal quotation marks and citation omitted]; see Matter of Malone v Malone, 84 AD3d 1674, 1674-1675 [2011]; Matter of Baker v Baker, 80 AD3d 849, 850 [2011]; Matter of McCluskey v Howard, 12 AD3d 878, 878 [2004]). That standard applies with equal force “where, as here, the parties stipulate that a prior Family Court order of support be incorporated into a judgment of divorce” (Matter of Culton v Culton, 277 AD2d 935, 936 [2000]; see Matter of McCluskey v Howard, 12 AD3d at 878).1

Applying these principles to the matter before us, we find that the mother failed to demonstrate her entitlement to an upward modification of child support. Notably, the mother neither alleged nor established that the parties’ agreement was unfair or inequitable when entered into, and the record falls far short of supporting her otherwise conclusory assertion that the existing level of support is inadequate to meet the child‘s needs. Further, contrary to the mother‘s assertion, “[a]n increase in the [father‘s] income . . . and the cost of providing for [a] maturing child[ ] is not an unanticipated and unreasonable circumstance” (Matter of Culton v Culton, 277 AD2d at 936), nor does it constitute a sufficient basis upon which to grant an upward modification of child support (see Hejna v Reilly, 26 AD3d 709, 711 [2006]; Matter of McCluskey v Howard, 12 AD3d at 879; Matter of Langlitz v Ochse, 268 AD2d 865, 866 [2000]; Hall v Hall, 244 AD2d 848, 849 [1997]).2 To the extent that the mother contends that other factors militate in favor of increased support, we have reviewed her arguments on this point and find them to be lacking in merit. Accordingly, Family Court erred in denying the father‘s objections to the increased child support erroneously awarded by the Support Magistrate, and the underlying order must be reversed—and the petition dismissed—to that extent.

In light of this conclusion, we need not address the remaining issues raised by the father on appeal—with the exception of the directive that he pay 50% of the child‘s private school tuition. Where, as here, the judgment of divorce, the opting-out agreement and the prior order of support all are silent as to the parties’ responsibility for the costs of a private secondary education, Family Court may award educational expenses as justice requires, “having regard for the circumstances of the case and of the respective parties and in the best interests of the child” (Family Ct Act § 413 [1] [c] [7]; see Matter of Wen v Wen, 304 AD2d 897, 898 [2003]; see also Matter of Amos-Richburg v Richburg, 94 AD3d 1112, 1113 [2012]; Matter of Durso v Durso, 68 AD3d 1107, 1108-1109 [2009]). “Relevant factors . . . include the parents’ educational background, the child‘s academic acuity and the financial situation of the parents” (Matter of Wen v Wen, 304 AD2d at 898 [citations omitted]).

At the time of the hearing, the child was starting his fifth year at the Doane Stuart School. The father, who attended private school as a child, was consulted regarding (and did not oppose) the initial decision to send the child to a private school—a decision that was based upon, among other things, the child‘s prior performance at a public elementary school. The record also reflects that the father‘s stepson and daughter from a subsequent marriage both attend private schools and, further, that the father has the financial resources to contribute to his son‘s educational expenses “without impairing his ability to support himself and maintain his own household” (Matter of Durso v Durso, 68 AD3d at 1109). Under these circumstances, the Support Magistrate appropriately concluded that the father should pay 50% of the child‘s tuition, and Family Court, in turn, properly denied the father‘s objection thereto. The parties’ remaining contentions, to the extent not specifically addressed, have been examined and found to be lacking in merit.

Peters, P.J., Lahtinen and Garry, JJ., concur. Ordered that the order is modified, on the law, without costs, by reversing so much thereof as denied the father‘s objections to the upward modification of his child support obligation; objections sustained and petition dismissed to that extent; and, as so modified, affirmed.

EGAN JR., J.

In the Matter of JOHN F. MURPHY, a Suspended Attorney, Respondent. COMMITTEE ON PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS, Petitioner. [959 NYS2d 461]—Per Curiam. Respondent was admitted to practice by this Court in 1981. He maintained an office for the practice of law in Pennsylvania, where he was admitted to practice in 1975.

By decision dated June 15, 2006, respondent was suspended from the practice of law by this Court for a period of five years (Matter of Murphy, 30 AD3d 819 [2006]). He now applies for reinstatement. Petitioner advises that it does not oppose the application.

Our examination of the papers submitted on the application indicates that respondent has complied with the provisions of the order of suspension and with this Court‘s rules regarding the conduct of suspended attorneys (see 22 NYCRR 806.9). We are also satisfied that respondent has complied with the requirements of this Court‘s rules regarding reinstatement (see 22 NYCRR 806.12 [b]) and that he possesses the character and general fitness to resume the practice of law.

Accordingly, the application is granted and respondent is reinstated to the practice of law, effective immediately.

Rose, J.P., Lahtinen, Spain and Egan Jr., JJ., concur. Ordered that respondent‘s application is granted; and it is further ordered that respondent is reinstated as an attorney and counselor-at-law in the State of New York, effective immediately.

PER CURIAM

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Egan Jr., J. Appeal from an order of the Family Court of Albany County (Duggan, J.), entered April 17, 2012, which, in a proceeding pursuant to Family Ct Act article 4, denied respondent‘s objections to an order of support.

Petitioner (hereinafter mother) and respondent (hereinafter the father) are the parents of a son (born in 1996). Following their separation, the parties executed an opting-out agreement, which—insofar as is relevant here—provided that a certain child support order issued by the Family Court of Greene County in 1999 would be incorporated but not merged into a future judgment of divorce. Consistent with the parties’ expectations, both the opting-out agreement and the support order referenced therein were incorporated but not merged into their 2000 judgment of divorce.

Thereafter, in April 2011, the mother commenced this proceeding seeking an upward modification of the father‘s child support obligation. A Support Magistrate granted the application, prompting the father to file various objections thereto, including—insofar as is relevant here—that the Support Magistrate applied the wrong legal standard in evaluating and granting the mother‘s application. Family Court upheld the Support Magistrate‘s decision, and this appeal by the father ensued.

Both the Support Magistrate and Family Court erred in concluding that the mother need only demonstrate a substantial change in circumstances in order to obtain the requested upward modification of the father‘s child support obligation. The case law makes clear that a party seeking to modify “a child support provision derived from an agreement or stipulation incorporated but not merged into a divorce decree has the burden of proving that the agreement was unfair or inequitable when entered into or that an unanticipated and unreasonable change of circumstances has occurred resulting in a concomitant increased need or that the needs of the child[ ] are not being adequately met” (Matter of Sidoti v Sidoti, 41 AD3d 944, 944-945 [2007] [internal quotation marks and citation omitted]; see Matter of Malone v Malone, 84 AD3d 1674, 1674-1675 [2011]; Matter of Baker v Baker, 80 AD3d 849, 850 [2011]; Matter of McCluskey v Howard, 12 AD3d 878, 878 [2004]). That standard applies with equal force “where, as here, the parties stipulate that a prior Family Court order of support be incorporated into a judgment of divorce” (Matter of Culton v Culton, 277 AD2d 935, 936 [2000]; see Matter of McCluskey v Howard, 12 AD3d at 878).1

Applying these principles to the matter before us, we find that the mother failed to demonstrate her entitlement to an upward modification of child support. Notably, the mother neither alleged nor established that the parties’ agreement was unfair or inequitable when entered into, and the record falls far short of supporting her otherwise conclusory assertion that the existing level of support is inadequate to meet the child‘s needs. Further, contrary to the mother‘s assertion, “[a]n increase in the [father‘s] income . . . and the cost of providing for [a] maturing child[ ] is not an unanticipated and unreasonable circumstance” (Matter of Culton v Culton, 277 AD2d at 936), nor does it constitute a sufficient basis upon which to grant an upward modification of child support (see Hejna v Reilly, 26 AD3d 709, 711 [2006]; Matter of McCluskey v Howard, 12 AD3d at 879; Matter of Langlitz v Ochse, 268 AD2d 865, 866 [2000]; Hall v Hall, 244 AD2d 848, 849 [1997]).2 To the extent that the mother contends that other factors militate in favor of increased support, we have reviewed her arguments on this point and find them to be lacking in merit. Accordingly, Family Court erred in denying the father‘s objections to the increased child support erroneously awarded by the Support Magistrate, and the underlying order must be reversed—and the petition dismissed—to that extent.

In light of this conclusion, we need not address the remaining issues raised by the father on appeal—with the exception of the directive that he pay 50% of the child‘s private school tuition. Where, as here, the judgment of divorce, the opting-out agreement and the prior order of support all are silent as to the parties’ responsibility for the costs of a private secondary education, Family Court may award educational expenses as justice requires, “having regard for the circumstances of the case and of the respective parties and in the best interests of the child” (Family Ct Act § 413 [1] [c] [7]; see Matter of Wen v Wen, 304 AD2d 897, 898 [2003]; see also Matter of Amos-Richburg v Richburg, 94 AD3d 1112, 1113 [2012]; Matter of Durso v Durso, 68 AD3d 1107, 1108-1109 [2009]). “Relevant factors . . . include the parents’ educational background, the child‘s academic acuity and the financial situation of the parents” (Matter of Wen v Wen, 304 AD2d at 898 [citations omitted]).

At the time of the hearing, the child was starting his fifth year at the Doane Stuart School. The father, who attended private school as a child, was consulted regarding (and did not oppose) the initial decision to send the child to a private school—a decision that was based upon, among other things, the child‘s prior performance at a public elementary school. The record also reflects that the father‘s stepson and daughter from a subsequent marriage both attend private schools and, further, that the father has the financial resources to contribute to his son‘s educational expenses “without impairing his ability to support himself and maintain his own household” (Matter of Durso v Durso, 68 AD3d at 1109). Under these circumstances, the Support Magistrate appropriately concluded that the father should pay 50% of the child‘s tuition, and Family Court, in turn, properly denied the father‘s objection thereto. The parties’ remaining contentions, to the extent not specifically addressed, have been examined and found to be lacking in merit.

Peters, P.J., Lahtinen and Garry, JJ., concur. Ordered that the order is modified, on the law, without costs, by reversing so much thereof as denied the father‘s objections to the upward modification of his child support obligation; objections sustained and petition dismissed to that extent; and, as so modified, affirmed.

PETERS, P.J.

LAHTINEN, GARRY, JJ.

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Notes

1
Contrary to the mother‘s assertion, a 2010 amendment to Family Ct Act § 451 (2) (a) is of no aid to her, as the legislative history makes clear that the “substantial change in circumstances” standard set forth therein applies only to agreements or stipulations executed on or after the effective date of such amendment (see L 2010, ch 182, § 13). As the parties’ opting-out agreement was executed in 2000, they are bound by the “unanticipated and unreasonable change of circumstances” standard originally articulated by the Court of Appeals in Matter of Boden v Boden (42 NY2d 210, 213 [1977]). Contrary to the mother‘s assertion, a 2010 amendment to Family Ct Act § 451 (2) (a) is of no aid to her, as the legislative history makes clear that the “substantial change in circumstances” standard set forth therein applies only to agreements or stipulations executed on or after the effective date of such amendment (see L 2010, ch 182, § 13). As the parties’ opting-out agreement was executed in 2000, they are bound by the “unanticipated and unreasonable change of circumstances” standard originally articulated by the Court of Appeals in Matter of Boden v Boden (42 NY2d 210, 213 [1977]).
2
We note in passing that while the father‘s income indeed has increased significantly since the execution of the parties’ agreement in 2000, the mother also enjoyed a substantial increase in income during that same time period. We note in passing that while the father‘s income indeed has increased significantly since the execution of the parties’ agreement in 2000, the mother also enjoyed a substantial increase in income during that same time period.

Case Details

Case Name: Overbaugh v. Schettini
Court Name: Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York
Date Published: Feb 14, 2013
Citations: 103 A.D.3d 972; 962 N.Y.S.2d 369
Court Abbreviation: N.Y. App. Div.
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