362 Mass. 272 | Mass. | 1972
The petitioner as trustee of the Josden Realty Trust seeks a writ of mandamus requiring the
Mandamus proceedings are reviewable according to the principles of review in equity. Chartrand v. Registrar of Motor Vehicles, 347 Mass. 470, 473. Iverson v. Building Inspector of Dedham, 354 Mass. 688, 689. The trial judge made no findings. We have before us the pleadings, various exhibits, and a condensed transcript of the testimony given in the Superior Court. Under G. L. c. 213, § ID, all questions of fact, law, and discretion which were open before the trial judge are open to us on appeal. Mitchell v. Selectmen of So. Hadley, 346 Mass. 158, 159. Cullen v. Building Inspector of No. Attleborough, 353 Mass. 671, 678.
1. In considering the intervener’s appeal from the order overruling his demurrer, we are limited to the facts set forth in the amended petition and in the exhibits appended thereto.
The pertinent facts alleged are as follows. On September 25, 1967, the petitioner filed an application for a building permit, together with plans and specifications, for the construction of a fifty-three unit apartment building on his land. The proposed plans and specifications complied in every respect with Quincy’s building code, and the proposed use of the land was lawful under the city’s zoning ordinance. While the petitioner’s application was pending, however, the city council on January 22, 1968, adopted a zoning ordinance amendment which rezoned the district including the petitioner’s land and made apartment buildings a prohibited use. Subsequently, the respondent building inspector denied the petitioner’s application on the basis of the amended zoning ordinance. The petitioner duly filed an appeal pursuant to G. L. c. 40A, § 13, with the board of appeals which stated in a decision dated May 22, 1968, that “it . . . [had] no power to decide the validity or invalidity of . . . [a] [z]oning [ordinance or amendments thereto.”
More than two and a half years after the board’s action, this court on December 7, 1970, affirmed a Land Court decision which invalidated the 1968 zoning amendment for failure to comply with the statutory procedures for adoption (G. L. c. 40A, § 7).
The intervener argues that his demurrer to the amended petition should have been sustained on the ground
The pertinent statutory language provides: “An appeal to the board of appeals . . . may be taken by any person aggrieved by reason of his inability to obtain a permit from any administrative official under the-pro
While “[cjourts must be careful not to invade the province of an administrative board” (Si. Luke’s Hosp. v. Labor Relations Commn. 320 Mass. 467, 470; Electronics Corp. of America v. City Council of Cambridge, 348 Mass. 563, 568), we are of opinion that, in the instant case, the statute confers no jurisdiction upon the board of appeals. As we construe G. L. c. 40A, § 13, as amended, appeals to the board by aggrieved applicants for building permits are limited to instances where the building inspector has refused a permit “under the provisions of . . . chapter [40A]”
The intervener has not brought to our attention any statute or ordinance which enlarges the jurisdiction of the board of appeals to encompass matters in addition to those conferred by G. L. c. 40A, § 13. See Hardy, Municipal Law & Practice (2d ed.) § 168 at 188-189. Compare C. & H. Co. v. Building Commr. of Medford, 303 Mass. 499, 500-501; Rice v. Board of Appeals of
We hold that, where, as here, a building inspector acts outside the scope of his authority conferred by G. L. c. 40A, § 12, the appropriate means of redress in the absence of an adequate administrative remedy is through a petition for a writ of mandamus.
2. We come to the intervener’s appeal from the order for judgment directing the issuance of a writ of mandamus.
The intervener concedes that the resolve purporting to instruct the respondent building inspector has “no validity.” The law is clear on this matter. See Fellsway Realty Corp. v. Building Commr. of Medford, 332 Mass. 471, 472-473.
In the Doliner case, this court held that, under statutes then in effect, a planning board could properly disapprove a subdivision plan as inconsistent with a newly adopted zoning amendment even before it was approved by the Attorney General under G. L. c. 40, § 32.
There is a distinction between a proposed zoning amendment, such as is involved in the instant case, and an amendment which has been adopted but has not yet been approved and published, such as was involved in the Doliner case. While a proposed zoning amendment may undergo substantial changes or may be abandoned entirely, once the town has adopted an amendment, it will generally receive the Attorney General’s approval (either actual or constructive) and, after appropriate publication, will take effect.
Furthermore, there is nothing in the record to show that the proposed zoning amendment was ever adopted. Even if, however, it was adopted in March, 1971, as the intervener asserts in his brief, and even if notice of the initial public hearing thereon was given in February, 1970, it cannot be said that “the subsequent steps required for the adoption of . . . [the] amendment . . . [were] taken . . . without unnecessary or unreasonable delay” (see G. L. c. 40A, § 11). Adoption, therefore, would not bar the issuance of the building permit.
For these reasons, we conclude that the petitioner is entitled to a building permit and that the judge properly entered the order for judgment in his behalf.
Order overruling demurrer affirmed.
Order for judgment affirmed.
An appeal was also claimed from the overruling of a plea in abatement, also filed by the intervener; however, since he has not argued this appeal, it is deemed to have been waived. See Angelico v. Commissioner of Ins. 357 Mass. 407, 408, n. 2; Gordon v. Hardware Mut. Cas. Co. 361 Mass. 582, 583.
These consist of: A. an application for a building permit filed by the petitioner with the respondent building inspector of Quincy on September 25, 1967; B. a decision of the board of appeals of Quincy, dated May 21, 1968, relative to the petitioner’s application (exhibit A); C. a (further) decision of the board of appeals of Quincy, dated February 6, 1970, relative to the petitioner’s application (exhibit A); D. a letter from the respondent building inspector to the petitioner, dated December 10, 1970 (relative to exhibit E), with enclosure consisting of a resolve of the city council of Quincy, dated December 3, 1970; E. an application for a building permit filed by the petitioner with the respondent building inspector on December 8,1970.
From the amended petition and appended exhibits, it appears further that the petitioner took an appeal to the Superior Court from the board of appeals’ decision on his first application. G. L. c. 40A, § 21. While this proceeding was still pending, the Land Court in July, 1969, rendered its decision in Trumper v. Quincy, declaring the 1968 zoning amendment invalid, and the respondent building inspector thereupon issued the petitioner a building permit as requested in his first application. An appeal was duly taken by one Stephen P. Scheele to the board of appeals which, on February 6, 1970, reversed the action of the building inspector on the ground that “this case is before the . . . Superior Court.”
The amended petition contains no indication of the result of the petitioner’s appeal to the Superior Court from the denial of his first application. The intervener pleaded in abatement that a final decree remanding the case to the board of appeals was entered on December 21, 1970. However, the intervener’s appeal from the overruling of his plea in abatement has been deemed waived. See footnote 1, supra.
The intervener’s demurrer raised other grounds with respect to the sufficiency of the amended petition, but the intervener has not argued them before this court and they are therefore deemed waived. See authorities cited in footnote 1, supra.
Subsequent review would be pursuant to G. L. c. 40A, § 21, as amended through St. 1970, c. 80: “[A]ny person aggrieved by the decision of the board of appeals . . . may appeal to the superior court ... by filing a bill in equity within twenty days after the decision has been filed in the office of the city . . . clerk.”
General Laws c. 40A, § 15, as amended through St. 1958, c. 381, does not enlarge upon the jurisdiction of the board of appeals with respect to building permits. It provides in pertinent part: “A board of appeals shall have the following powers: 1. To hear and decide appeals taken as provided in section thirteen.” See Bearce v. Zoning Bd. of Appeals of Brockton, 351 Mass. 316, 319-320.
See also 2 Am. Jur. 2d, Administrative Law, § 605. See generally Davis, Administrative Law Treatise, § 20.09 (1958 ed. and 1970 Supp.); Anderson, American Law of Zoning, § 22.10.
As was stated in O’Donnell v. Board of Appeals of Billerica, 349 Mass. 324, 327, certiorari would not lie (despite dictum to the contrary in Bice v. Board of Appeals of Dennis, 342 Mass. 499, 502). While it is true that mandamus is usually reserved for instances of administrative inaction and certiorari lies whenever action has been taken (Beading v. Attorney Gen., ante, 266, 268-269, n. 3), mandamus appears to have supplanted the traditional function of certiorari in the area of building code and zoning law enforcement. See Atherton v. Selectmen of Bourne, 337 Mass. 205, 257, and eases cited.
Since 1958, building inspectors have been required to issue a “decision” setting forth “in detail all . . . reasons for . . . refusal” when_ a permit for original construction is refused for a residential building with accommodations for more than four families. See St. 1958, c. 515, amending G. L. c. 143, § 3. The older view has persisted, however, that a refusal to issue a building permit is in the nature of inaction and, hence, is properly reviewable by mandamus in the absence of remedy at law or in equity. Because of the long history of exclusive reliance on mandamus in this area, we see no reason to alter our practice, even though St. 1958, c. 515, clearly indicates that refusal to issue a building permit is an action, quasi-judicial in nature, which otherwise would be reviewable by certiorari in the absence of another remedy. To alter our practice now would seem unnecessarily to introduce intricacies into the law. Cf. Beading V. Attorney Gen., ante, 266, 268-269, n. 3.
In the Fellsway Realty case, “[t]he building commissioner would have issued . . . [certain building] permits but for the instruction of the city manager ... to hold the matter in abeyance.” We indicated that the petitioner was “entitled ... to an order commanding the building commissioner to grant the permits.” At 472. Pertinent to the instant case is our statement (at 472-473) : “Whatever power, if _ any, the city manager had with reference to the granting of permits, he had no authority to induce the building commissioner to refuse to act upon the petitioner’s applications.” The same applies with equal force to the city council involved in the instant case.
The approval of the Attorney General may be either actual or constructive. Since the amendment of G. L. c. 40, § 32, by St. 1952, c. 337, if ninety days elapse without any action by the Attorney General, “it shall be presumed that the proof [of proper adoption] submitted was adequate,” and the by-law amendment will take effect as if approved by the Attorney General. See Concord v. Attorney Gen. 336 Mass. 17, 23.
A publication requirement also exists for ordinances. G. L. c. 40, § 32A. There is no requirement in the General Laws, however, that the Attorney General must approve an ordinance before it may take effect. Hardy, Municipal Law & Practice (2d ed.) § 166. The precise requirements governing legislation by cities will depend on the charter of each city.
There is another consideration as well. Even if a proposed zoning amendment is adopted without substantial change, the amendment will still not affect building permits previously issued if there was