137 F.2d 157 | 8th Cir. | 1943
This is an appeal from a judgment in favor of appellee entered in accordance with a jury verdict in an action for damages by reason of wrongful death. The case is appealed here on the ground that the trial court erred in refusing to direct a verdict for appellant and in denying appellant’s motion for judgment non obstante veredicto on the ground that the decedent should have been held guilty of contributory negligence as a matter of law. For the purposes of the appeal it was conceded that there was sufficient evidence to support the jury findings as to appellant’s negligence and as to damages.
The facts necessary to a determination of the question raised on appeal are as follows : At the time of his death the decedent was a minor of the age of fifteen years, residing with his parents in the City of Flandreau, South Dakota. The appellant was engaged in the business of generating, transporting and selling electrical power and energy, and in connection therewith operated and maintained a high voltage line which crossed the Big Sioux River, a
The appellant’s maintenance of the high-line in the condition described was in violation of the following statutes: “Telegraph, telephone, electric lines across public highways: regulation; penalty. It shall be unlawful for any person owning or operating any telephone, telegraph, or electric line, or any part of such line in this state to extend any telephone, telegraph, or electric Wire, any part of which shall be less than eighteen feet from the ground, over” or across any public highway. No such person shall be entitled to collect damages from any person who shall cut, break, remove, or otherwise destroy any such telephone, telegraph, or electric wire over or across a public highway if any part of the same is at any time less than eighteen feet from the ground; provided that nothing contained in this section shall be construed to exempt anyone owning or operating any telephone, telegraph, or electric line in this state from liability for any damage or injury which anyone may sustain by reason of the faulty or negligent construction or maintenance of such telephone, telegraph, or electric line. Any person owning or operating any telephone, telegraph, or electric line in this state who shall willfully construct any telephone, telegraph, or electric wire over or across any public highway in this state, any part of which shall be less than eighteen feet from the ground, shall upon conviction be punished by a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars or by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding thirty days.” Section 13.1624, SDC 1939.
“Electric telephone or telegraph wires over highways: conditions; removal. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, association, or corporation owning or operating any telephone, telegraph, or electric line, or any part of such line in this state, to extend any telephone, telegraph, or electric wire, any part of which shall be less than eighteen feet from the ground, over or across any public highway. No such person, firm, association, or corporation shall be entitled to collect damages from
As indicated, we are here concerned only with the contributory negligence of the decedent or his companion. The case was tried upon the theory that the two boys were on a joint adventure or common enterprise and, therefore, the negligence of the decedent’s boy companion, if any such negligence existed, was attributable to the decedent.
The trial court was of the opinion that the question of the contributory negligence of the boys was one for the jury and, accordingly, denied appellant’s motions. Ordinarily the question of contributory negligence is one for the jury. The Supreme Court of South Dakota in the case of Jensen v. Juul et al., 66 S.Dak. 1, 278 N.W. 6, 9, 115 A.L.R. 1280, in determining the question of whether from the facts of the complaint plaintiff’s intestate was contributorily negligent as a matter of law, stated: “We are, of course, to be guided in the determination of this contention by the well-settled law that the question of contributory negligence is ordinarily a question of fact for the jury; that contributory negligence is a question of law only when the court is impelled to say from all the facts that reasonable men could not differ in opinion as to the existence of negligence.”
Contributory negligence, as a matter of law, exists only where the facts are such that a determination thereof could not cause doubt or question in the minds of reasonable men. One of the purposes of a jury of twelve persons is to have such persons, acting as a group, determine matters that might be of doubt in the mind of one or of another. It is only where the facts are so persuasive that reasonable men, exercising impartial and sound judgment, could not differ that a court is justified in pre-empting a jury’s prerogatives by verdict directions or judgment notwithstanding the verdict.
In the instant case we are dealing with the actions of two boys, one fifteen and the other seventeen. They were aware of the danger of coming into contact with the appellant’s highline. The decedent had been warned of such danger only a few days before the accident. But they had no intention of coming in contact with the high-line. They did not voluntarily touch it. They were not trespassers. They were in a place where they had a right to be, and where the appellant had a right to expect them to be. They were engaged in the pursuit of pleasures known to boys of their age. Their ingenuity and energy had provided them with a makeshift sailboat to traverse the waters of the mill pond. The mill pond had been used by the public, adult and child, for many years. The appellant was in definite violation of the law in maintaining its highline at less than 18 feet above the surface of the water of the mill pond. The boys admittedly did not know if the mast of their boat would contact the highline. With the boat loaded there would be but a matter of a few inches difference between the height of the mast and the height of the highline above the water, so that it would be difficult to tell whether contact would be made without going to a point very near to the low part of the high-line. It is patent that if the highline had been maintained at such height as was provided for by law no contact could have been made and the boys could have sailed under the highline in perfect safety. Can we say, then, that, as a matter of law, these boys are to be charged with contributory negligence in venturing near enough to determine whether or not such contact would be made ? Should the boys have known that to have approached so close would have subjected them to the force of' the wind, so strong when they turned broadside that they could not control their direction ? Were they negligent in turning sideways, or should they have attempted to paddle directly backward to the point of their approach ? Did their actions in the emergency constitute negligence? Under the facts herein these are all questions for jury determination. Reasonable men might very readily differ as to the answers. Clearly the trial court was correct in submitting the case to the jury.
The judgment will be sustained.