131 A. 250 | Pa. | 1925
F. J. Osterling brought this suit against the executors of the estate of the late H. C. Frick to recover for his services as architect in the erection of the Union Arcade building, Pittsburgh. Jury trial being waived, the case *400 was heard before the court and resulted in a judgment for plaintiff of $109,406.75, including interest, from which he brought this appeal. A careful examination of the voluminous record discloses no ground for reversal.
Plaintiff's employment was arranged largely by correspondence in which he undertook to perform the full services of an architect, to the owner's satisfaction, for three per cent of the cost of the building. Preliminary sketches and outline plans were approved by Frick in March, 1915. The shaft or main part of the building was to be six stories in height, above the basement, the first two stories to be of cut stone and the four above of terra cotta, later changed to cut stone. The plans also provided for three additional stories under a mansard or sloping roof, the entire frame work to be of structural steel. To expedite the construction, a contract for the steel was given the American Bridge Company, April 26, 1915, on a tonnage basis, and the general contract for the building was let to the George A. Fuller Company, of New York, June 24, 1915. This contract, drawn by plaintiff, provided for the completion of the building May 1, 1916. The Fuller Company let a contract to Samuel Holmes for the cut stone work of the first and second stories, which stated that the stone was to be obtained from a quarry owned by plaintiff's brother. A large amount of terra cotta was specified for the building, including the roof and interior finish. This was obtained from the Northwestern Terra Cotta Company of Chicago, by a subcontract made July 6, 1915. Other material, etc., was obtained through subcontracts with divers parties. By whomsoever the work was to be done, it was to be under the general supervision and control of the plaintiff, as architect.
The building was finished August 1, 1917, and thereafter plaintiff presented a bill of $321,325 for his services, less a credit of $40,000 paid October 1, 1915. Frick declined payment and, after his death (December 2, *401
1919), this suit was brought against his executors. The main question raised on the appeal is as to the validity of a $40,000 credit allowed defendants by the trial court as damages sustained by Frick on account of plaintiff's delay in the performance of his duty as architect. Much testimony was taken on this branch of the case and it was very ably and earnestly contended for appellant, both at bar and in the printed brief, that such finding was not supported by the evidence; but an examination of the record has led us to the opposite conclusion. In cases tried before the court under the Act of April 22, 1874, P. L. 109, we are concluded by the trial court's findings of the facts, when based on sufficient evidence (Sturdevant et al. v. Thomson,
We have been discussing this branch of the case from the standpoint of defendants' evidence, but plaintiff strenuously denied every charge of delay on his part and submitted evidence in support of this denial, which, however, made an issue of fact for the trial court to pass upon. In addition to the direct evidence there were circumstances tending to support defendants' contention. The expert evidence was that plaintiff should have had at least ten assistants for a timely preparation of the work in question, whereas he only had three or four and their time was divided between this and other work. *403 There is also evidence that plaintiff admitted his lack of sufficient help, which fact may account for the many complaints that his plans came tardily, by piecemeal and only after repeated and urgent requests. Again, almost without exception, those connected with the building complained bitterly of the architect's delays and none more so than Frick. It is scarcely conceivable that such universal complaint could be groundless.
No one contends that the architect is chargeable with the entire fifteen months' delay, on the contrary, a considerable part thereof came from changes in the plans. For example, in November, 1915, when it became apparent that the building could not be finished by May 11, 1916, the architect's suggestion of two additional stories in the shaft of the building, making eight stories below the mansard roof, was adopted, and at other times, notably in March, 1916, further changes were made, including that of the interior to pure Gothic design. The time for completion was extended to August 1, 1916, and later to November 1st, of the same year. Some of the delay might possibly be attributable to causes not mentioned, but the finding of two months' delay and $40,000 damages, caused by plaintiff's default, is conservative, under the evidence. Defendants, representing Frick's estate, are not deprived of redress therefor because of further delay from other causes. One injured by the default of another will not be denied redress where his damages therefrom are shown approximately, although with less certainty because of injury of like character inflicted upon him by the acts of others. While damages in such case cannot be based on a mere guess or speculation, yet, where the amount may be fairly estimated from the evidence, a recovery will be sustained even though such amount cannot be determined with entire accuracy. As stated by Judge HENDERSON, in Hoober v. New Holland W. Co.,
We are unable to agree with the contention that, because Frick suffered plaintiff to continue as architect, the defendants are estopped from claiming damages on account of the negligent manner in which he performed his work. Frick made frequent and very earnest complaints to the architect because of his great and numerous delays and went so far as to directly ask him to quit the job that another might take his place. This, plaintiff refused to do and, as the plans were his and largely in his possession, it was so difficult to make a change, without his consent, that he was suffered to continue; but the necessary elements of an estoppel are not here present. The correspondence certainly shows Frick was not silent when he should have spoken, neither was the architect misled for lack of information, nor would he suffer unjustly by a disclosure of the truth. See Com. v. Moltz,
The trial court gave defendants a credit or set-off of $5,161.04 for amounts paid in auditing certain accounts, which work admittedly should have been done by the architect. His objection to this is the claim that he was at all times ready and willing to audit the accounts in question; but that was disputed by evidence for the defense. Mr. Chubb, Frick's agent in charge, testified that plaintiff, although repeatedly requested, did not audit the accounts. As we understand the facts, the architect's letters, offering to audit the accounts, came after this work had been done, or largely done, by others. In any event the question of his readiness to audit the accounts was in dispute. As bearing upon this is the fact that at least from December, 1916, to the completion of the building, August, 1917, the relation of plaintiff with Frick and with his agents, also with the general contractor, was so strained that he was largely a nominal architect, and while under the general contract the Fuller Company was entitled to monthly payments on certificates of the architect, he refused during the time just stated to issue any certificates, claiming there was nothing due the contractor, and to keep the work going Frick was compelled to issue emergency certificates. So plaintiff's alleged refusal to audit the accounts finds support in his contention that there was nothing due to those presenting claims for audit.
Inasmuch as defendants have not appealed we are spared a consideration of some questions presented to the trial court. It is unfortunate that this case was not brought to trial until over seven years after the completion of the Union Arcade building, and not until death had sealed the lips of some most competent to speak and time had dimmed the memory of others once familiar with the facts; but the trial judge, assisted by able counsel, surmounted all obstacles and disposed of the case with such painstaking care and ability as to render our task comparatively easy.
The assignments of error are overruled and the judgment is affirmed. *407