110 A.2d 623 | Conn. Super. Ct. | 1954
The question presented by the present proceeding may be considered in two aspects. The first is whether a deposition may be had under § 7871 of the General Statutes, the real purpose of which is to assist the plaintiff in the preparation of his case for trial, rather than as a means for presenting testimony, not otherwise available, at the trial. The second is whether, in any event, a party may compel the production of documents by a witness before a notary in deposition proceedings by use of a subpoena duces tecum.
The plaintiff has served upon counsel for the defendant notices to take the depositions of Robert M. Poe and Lynn Ahlquist. Both live more than twenty miles from the place of trial. Miss Ahlquist is a resident of New York, but works in Stamford with Mr. Poe. The plaintiff has served a subpoena duces tecum upon both of these parties, listing over two pages of records, books, accounts, ledgers and correspondence, in general terms, which they must produce, the lists being the same in each subpoena. The defendant has moved to quash the subpoenas and for an order restraining plaintiff's counsel from proceeding with the depositions.
It is obvious, from the plaintiff's brief and from the general situation as developed during the argument, that the plaintiff's purpose in taking the depositions is to secure information which will assist him in preparing his case for trial. "The plaintiff cannot adequately prepare his own case for trial unless he is permitted to take the depositions of these two persons, who are in charge of the Connecticut office and of the office records of E. Holley Poe *147 Associates." Plaintiff's brief, p. 1. The defendant's counsel has stated that both witnesses will, and in fact must, be present at the trial. The records subpoenaed are in Stamford and their production at the trial may be secured by process.
In the construction of a statute, the purpose of the legislation is to be considered. State ex rel. McNamara
v. Civil Service Commission,
A literal compliance with the statute would permit a deposition to be taken in every case where the witness lived more than twenty miles from the place of trial, regardless of his availability at the trial. Where the witness is a party, it would mean that § 7871 could be used to secure from him an unlimited discovery, without even the safeguards imposed by our present discovery statute (§ 7949) that the facts and documents shall be material to the mover's cause of action or defense and without the more elaborate *148 safeguards set up in the federal rules for discovery, now being considered for inclusion in our own practice. Such a loose and unrestricted exercise of the privilege of discovery would put a party living more than twenty miles from the place of trial at a decided disadvantage as against a party living within this distance, and would be a perversion of justice.
The defendant's motion should be granted on the ground that, under the circumstances disclosed to the court, the proposed deposition does not come within the purview of § 7871. Shepherd v. Lomas,
Although the deposition proceedings in the present case were directed to Mr. Poe as an individual and to his employee, Miss Ahlquist, they are in reality for the purpose of securing the disclosure, production and inspection of documents by the defendant administrator and within his knowledge, possession and power. If the plaintiff has a right to examine the documents prior to trial, it exists by reason of our discovery statute (§ 7949) and rules, under which he has already filed a motion to produce the exact same records.
Turning now to the second aspect of this question, do our deposition statutes permit the issuance of a subpoena duces tecum to compel a witness to produce *149 documents before the official taking the deposition? A brief consideration of the results which would follow, if such power exists, leads to the conclusion that the question should be answered in the negative.
In Banks v. Connecticut Ry. Lighting Co.,
If an unlimited production of documents by way of deposition and subpoena duces tecum were permitted, what becomes of the safeguards which protect the producer when the documents are brought into court? The official who performs the ministerial act of taking the deposition is, of course, in no position to rule as to which of them may or may not be inspected by counsel, or to refuse inspection of documents produced before him. Suppose some of the documents are privileged, or are not relevant or material to the case, or contain incriminating matter? *150 Counsel then may secure, by deposition, information which would be denied him by the court.
Nothing in our deposition statutes authorizes the compulsory production of documents by a witness. The meaning of the word deposition, in legal terminology, is limited to the testimony of a witness, taken in writing, in advance of trial, under oath, before some judicial officer, in answer to interrogatories, oral or written. See 26 C.J.S. 807; 16 Am.Jur. 699. Nothing in our statutes specifically authorizes the production of documents in addition to the taking of the witness' testimony. Section 7876 provides that the official taking the deposition may issue a subpoena "for the appearance of any witness before him," and if the witness shall refuse to appear, may issue a capias, and if the witness "shall refuse to give his deposition," may commit him to jail. There is no authority here for the issuance of a subpoena duces tecum, or for punishment if the witness should refuse to obey such a subpoena.
The practice of securing evidence by deposition was unknown to the common law and the right to do so is strictly statutory. Hackett v. Roosevelt School,Inc., Superior Court, Fairfield County, No. 92979. The exercise of the right, therefore, other than in conformity with the actual and positive terms of the statute, is unauthorized. State ex rel. Stroh v.Klene,
The subpoenas duces tecum in the present case were beyond the authority of the notary to issue and were invalid. Dancel v. Goodyear Shoe MachineryCo., 128 F. 753, 760; State ex rel. Stroh v. Klene,
supra; State ex rel. McCulloch v. Taylor,
The motion to quash the subpoenas is granted and an order may issue that the plaintiff and his counsel and the authority to whom the notices of deposition are addressed be restrained from taking the depositions.