149 N.W.2d 881 | Mich. Ct. App. | 1967
OPPENHEIM
v.
RATTNER.
Michigan Court of Appeals.
Maile, Leach & Silver (Saul M. Leach and Norman L. Zemke, of counsel), for plaintiff.
Hartman, Beier, Howlett & McConnell (Kenneth B. McConnell, of counsel), for defendants.
Leave to appeal denied July 13, 1967. See 379 Mich 771.
T.G. KAVANAGH, P.J.
Richard Rattner, heading west on Maple road, was in the intersection of Franklin road waiting to make a left-hand turn onto Franklin. According to his testimony he observed two cars approaching the intersection from the west, the first about 20 feet away and the second about 100 yards away. He concluded that he could make the turn in safety after the first car passed him, and as he attempted to execute this maneuver after the first car passed him, his car collided with the second car as it entered the intersection.
*557 Philip Oppenheim, a passenger in the second car which was driven by Gilbert Sears, was injured in the collision and this suit is for the damages occasioned thereby.
The jury returned a verdict of no cause for action and on appeal nine assertions of error are made. One treats of the trial court's refusal to direct a verdict of liability against the defendants, three treat of questions concerning the admissibility of evidence, and two are concerned with the closing argument of defendant's counsel, two fault the court's instructions to the jury, and one maintains the verdict to be against the weight of the evidence. Of these we find only one to merit extended discussion.
We have carefully reviewed the court's instructions and the omitted requests to charge and we are satisfied that the charge as given fairly and adequately presented the theories and the applicable law. We find no error here. See Hammock v. Sims (1946), 313 Mich 248.
We view likewise the objections to defense counsel's closing argument and the court's ruling thereon. Counsel's comment in light of his opening statement seems consistent and unobjectionable. The answer placed the matter of driver Sears' responsibility squarely in issue and the argument was not inappropriate in our view.
The contention that the verdict was against the great weight of the evidence was considered by the trial court in passing upon plaintiff's motion for a new trial. We are not persuaded the court abused his discretion in denying the motion for we observe ample evidence in the record to support the jury's verdict. Gibbons v. Delta Contracting Co. (1942), 301 Mich 638; Alley v. Klotz (1948), 320 Mich 521; Dempsey v. Miles (1955), 342 Mich 185.
*558 Regarding the direction of a verdict, we are committed to the proposition that negligence will be determined as a matter of law only when no reasonable men could draw a different conclusion from the circumstances established. See Kroll v. Katz (1965), 374 Mich 364; Alley v. Klotz, supra.
Here a careful examination of the record does not convince us that defendant's conduct was such as to require all reasonable men to conclude he was negligent. We find no error here.
The errors asserted regarding the admission of evidence are concerned with a photograph and the testimony of an eyewitness.
A photograph was produced and witness Sears affirmed that it fairly represented the Maple-Franklin intersection. Plaintiff's objection to its introduction on the grounds that the photographer was not present for cross-examination was overruled by the court. We think the ruling was proper.
"As with demonstrative evidence generally, the prime condition on admissibility is that the photograph be identified by a witness as a portrayal of certain facts relevant to the issue, and verified by such a witness on personal knowledge as a correct representation of these facts. The witness who thus lays the foundation need not be the photographer nor need the witness know anything of the time or conditions of the taking. It is the facts represented, the scene or the object, that he must know about, and when this knowledge is shown, he can say whether the photograph correctly portrays these facts." McCormick on Evidence, § 181, p 387.
See, also, Martin Parry Corp. v. Berner (1932), 259 Mich 621.
The eyewitness, Victor Sbordon, was permitted to testify about his observation of Sears' driving some distance from and just prior to the collision. Plaintiff's *559 objection to its relevancy was, in our view, properly overruled by the court. See Gibbons v. Delta Contracting Co., supra.
Sbordon was permitted to testify that he told plaintiff's driver shortly after the collision that he (the driver) had passed him (Sbordon) illegally in a no passing zone, and that he was exceeding the speed limit by at least 10 miles an hour.
This was permitted over plaintiff's objection when the court, reversing his original determination that the statement was immaterial, allowed the answer on the theory that it was proper impeachment of a prior witness who the court stated had denied the conversation.
On this the court was in error in two respects. First, we find no prior denial of the conversation by any witness. Second, even had there been such, since the issue of the occurrence of the conversation was collateral, Sbordon's testimony was not properly available to impeach on this issue. See Hall v. Iosco County Board of Road Commissioners (1966), 2 Mich App 511.
In assaying the effect of this error, however, we do not regard it as reversible. The conversation summed up the prior admissible testimony of the witness' observation and doubtless heightened its effect. However, a review of the whole record in this area does not persuade us that substantial justice requires reversal. See GCR 1963, 529.1.
Finding no reversible error, the judgment is affirmed, with costs to appellee.
J.H. GILLIS and McGREGOR, JJ., concurred.