240 Mass. 616 | Mass. | 1922
To His Excellency the Governor and the Honorable Council of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts:
The undersigned Justices of the Supreme Judicial Court respectfully answer as follows the questions in the order adopted on June 28, 1922, copy whereof is hereto annexed:
The questions relate to the constitutionality of c. 25 of the Res. of 1922 and to the right of the Governor and Council to issue a warrant for the payment of the amount therein specified. That chapter is in these words: “R-esolved, that there be allowed and paid from the treasury of the commonwealth to Rose M. Coolidge, widow of the late Henry D. Coolidge, clerk of the Senate, the remainder of the salary to which he would have been entitled had he lived and continued to serve until the end of the current year.”
It is manifest that the payment authorized by the resolve is a pure gratuity. The validity of legislation of this nature was fully considered in Opinion of the Justices, 175 Mass. 599. It there was said, in accordance with principles too well settled to require discussion, that in general the power to pay gratuities to individuals is denied to the General Court by the Constitution. Public money cannot legally be paid for private gain or individual emolument, no matter how specious the pretext. Money raised by taxation can be expended only for strictly public uses. Lowell v. Boston, 111 Mass. 454. Mead v. Acton, 139 Mass. 341. Freeland v. Hastings, 10 Allen, 570. Kingman v. Brockton, 153 Mass. 255, 259. Opinion of the Justices, 204 Mass. 607 and cases there collected. Loan Association v. Topeka, 20 Wall. 655. Cole v. La Grange, 113 U. S. 1, and cases there cited. Whittaker v. Salem, 216 Mass. 483. Duffy v. Treasurer & Receiver General, 234 Mass. 42, 50. Boston v. Treasurer & Receiver General, 237 Mass. 403. It also was there stated that, although public money can be expended for public purposes alone, such purpose does not become unlawful merely because money may be paid to private persons without previous claim to it of any kind. It further was pointed out that the power to give gratuities in the form of pensions as
Where the public purpose of the appropriation of public money is not clear, a recital of facts and legislative reasons may be necessary in order to show that the purpose is in a true sense public, and not private.
There is no declaration of legislative purpose in said resolve, c. 25. Facts relative to it, however, are matters of general knowledge. Henry D. Coolidge had been clerk of the Senate of the Commonwealth beginning with 1889 continuously until his death in February, 1922. It appears from the journal of the Senate of 1922, pages 396 to 401, by addresses of several senators and by resolutions unanimously adopted, that he was justly held in high esteem by reason of public service of exceptional merit and rare efficiency rendered during an unusual period of time. It may be inferred that these considerations actuated the Legislature in reaching a conclusion that the public good would be promoted by an “unstipulated reward” for his services. In view of these circumstances it cannot, in our opinion, be held that the consti
Being absent from the Commonwealth, Mr. Justice Pierce has had no opportunity to consider the questions.
Arthur P. Rugg.
Henry IC. Braley.
Charles A. DeCourcy.
John C. Crosby.
James B. Carroll.
Charles F. Jenney.