143 F. 829 | 7th Cir. | 1906
The meaning of the agreement in suit is unquestionable. It distinctly provides that the purchaser may, within the stipulated period, return the stock, and thus avoid the sale, and recover the purchase money with interest, if “not satisfied with aforesaid investment.” So the verdict was rightly directed in favor of the plaintiff below, if that agreement was binding upon the defendants. The assignments of error rest upon these propositions: (1) That the contract for return of the stock is void for want of consideration; (2) that it is ultra vires the corporation; (3) that it is malum in se, as in fraud of other stockholders and creditors of the corporation; (4) that the provision to pay interest on thé purchase money is void; and (5) that in terms the agreement is a joint obligation, and “no recovery can be had against the defendant J. O. Buckley.” Further assignments are based upon the rejection of testimony, but the testimony tendered was obviously immaterial under the view stated below of the issues involved.
1. The alleged want of consideration for the agreement is predicated upon the fact of a pre-existing transaction between the parties for unconditional sale of the stock at 32 cents per share. It appears that one Henrickson, who was interested in the corporation defendant, met the plaintiff on the way to Ishpeming, Mich., discussed with him the value of the mine and the opportunity for an investment. The plaintiff was acquainted with mining investments, but not with the mine in question, and entertained a proposal to take a block of shares at the value named, 32 cents. Upon their arrival at Ishpeming, Henrickson communicated with the president of the corporation, by telephone, to have 50,000 shares of the stock forwarded for sale to the plaintiff at such rate. The shares were mailed to Henrickson accordingly, on April 2, 1902, for delivery upon.the proposed sale, and a letter was sent to the plaintiff stating that they were so forwarded for purchase by him at 32 cents per share. Henrickson handed the stock to the plaintiff, with the understanding upon his part that the price was to be paid at Milwaukee within a few days. What was said by the plaintiff by way of acceptance is not definitely stated; nor is it deemed material, in view of the subsequent transaction, whether present acceptance of the terms offered was intended or understood by him. When the plaintiff arrived at the office of the corporation in Milwaukee, on April 7, 1902, the witnesses concur.in their testimony that he handed the stock to the president, stating that he was informed of recent sales at much lower price than the offer to him, and that he would not purchase at the price named. After considerable negotiation the plaintiff was persuaded to take the stock at $15,000, upon the conditions stated in the agreement, and the bargain was consummated accordingly.
The contention is that the bargain was closed at Ishpeming for 32 cents per share, with payment absolutely due at that rate on arrival at Milwaukee, so that payment of $15,000 as the purchase money, on April 7th, furnished no consideration for the new contract o>f that date. The general rule which is invoked to that end is thus stated in Fire Insurance Association v. Wickham, 141 U. S. 564, 577, 12 Sup. Ct. 84, 87, 35 L. Ed. 860:
“The rule is well established that, where the facts show clearly a certain sum to be due from one person to another, a release of the entire sum upon payment of part is without consideration, and the creditor may still sue and recover the residue. If there be a bona fide dispute as to the amount due, such dispute may be the subject of a compromise and payment of a certain sum as a satisfaction of the entire claim, but where a larger sum is admitted to be due, or the circumstances of the case show there was no good reason to doubt that it was due, the release of the whole upon payment of part will not be considered as a compromise, but will be treated as without consideration and void.”
Also, the exemplification of this rule, in Palmer v. Yager, 20 Wis. 91, 98, holding that the right of parties to abolish a contract and substitute another in its place, is subject to the requirement of a new consideration for the substituted contract—some “distinct benefit accruing to the creditor” party—or that the substitution be made “upon the compromise of a doubtful or disputed claim.”
Without considering the question whether the rule and authorities referred to are applicable to these bargainings for stock,- upon either theory of the testimony, we are clearly of opinion that the contention is untenable, for at least two reasons: First, because the proof establishes, as we believe, only the single purchase of April 7th; and, second, on the assumption that a prima facie prior obligation to purchase the stock at 32 cents per share, appeared from the Ishpeming transaction, the ultimate compromise of “a bona fide dispute”- (Fire Insurance Association v. Wickham, supra), exempts the case ffom the operation of the rule cited. That there was no meeting of the minds of the parties in an unconditional purchase at Ishpeming is undoubted, in the light of the attitude of both principals at the meeting in Milwaukee. The fact that the plaintiff received the stock at Ishpeming, when it arrived pursuant to negotiations, which is the main reliance for the alleged prior contract, was not treated by either party as an acceptance of the Ishpeming offer; nor can it be inferred from the conduct or expressions of either party that a bargain had been closed, or that either the plaintiff or the representative of the corporation so understood the prior transaction. In the absence of evidence of such understanding by both parties to the negotiation at Ishpeming, no purchase can be implied from the testimony, and the parties were free to conclude a bargain without reference to that transaction. Aside from this view, however, the consideration was sufficient for new terms of sale by way of compromise. Not only was the fact of acceptance of the Ishpeming
2. The corporation defendant is incorporated under the laws pf Colorado, and it is contended that the contract violates section 485, Mills’ Ann. St. Colo., which prohibits the use by corporations of any of their funds “for the purchase of stock in their own company or corporation, except such as may be forfeited for the nonpayment of assessments thereon.” This agreement is in no sense within the meaning or object of the provision referred to. The stock was held in the treasury of the company to raise funds for improvements, upon such terms of sale as were adopted by the president. The right to so hold and own the stock remains in the corporation until an absolute sale is made. No such sale arose under the agreement in suit. It was of the well-recognized class, known as a contract of “sale or return,” as defined in Sturm v. Boker, 150 U. S. 312, 328, 14 Sup. Ct. 99, 104, 37 L. Ed. 1093, where the title passes for the time being, but subject to the option of the purchaser to rescind and return the property within the time stipulated. With the exercise of the option the contract of sale terminates and the right and title of the corporation is restored to its original status. No sale has been accomplished, and no purchase or repurchase arises upon the part of the corporation through this return of its unsold stock. As held in the recent Minnesota case of Vent v. Duluth Coffee & Spice Co., 67 N. W. 70, such transaction is not ultra vires, within the rule applicable to purchase of stock. In the case of Tolman v. New Mexico, etc., Mining Co., 4 Dak. 4, 22 N. W. 505, cited contra, the contract under consideration appears to have been one of actual repurchase of stock by the corporation, and the ruling is deemed inapplicable to the present controversy.
3. The contention that the contract was fraudulent as to other stockholders and creditors requires no discussion, under the foregoing view that no sale of stock was effected, so that the agreement to repay the investment for purchase money, if the stock was not purchased, called for no diversion of corporate funds—plainly distinguishable from the cases cited of release of subscribing stockholders.
4. The agreement provides for repayment of the purchase money, with interest, upon return of the stock, and objection is raised to the promise of interest as invalid. No distinct ground for the objection is stated, and we are impressed with no view which supports it. The promise implies an understanding that the corporation was to have the use of the money, pending the continuance of the option, instead of retaining it on deposit, and for such use it was surely competent for the parties to agree upon the payment of interest.
5. The objection to the recovery against the defendant Buckley,
The several assignments of error are overruled, and the judgment of the Circuit Court is affirmed.
