67 Ga. 707 | Ga. | 1881
Mary E. Brown for herself and as next'friend of George Z. Sullivan, filed a bill in equity against Griffin O’Neal and James W. Sullivan, who were the executors of Spencer Sullivan, to recover two certain parcels of land which she claimed had been conveyed to them by the testator— their grandfather — and which lands the said executors were proceeding to sell as a part of his estate. The material allegations of the bill were that in August, 1878, thejr said grandfather executed deeds of gift to them by which he conveyed to the said Mary E. 160 acres of land, lot number 58, in the 1 rth district of Monroe county, and to George Z. Sullivan 180 acres, also in said county, and known as the Lester place.
That soon after the execution of the deeds aforesaid Spencer Sullivan was taken sick, from which sickness he died, so that the deeds were-not-turned over to them, but were delivered, and the husband of the said Mary E. was directed to have them recorded, but owing to the extreme illness of the said grantor the same was not done, during his life.
That the land conveyed by said deed to complainant, Mary E. Brown, had been, by a will of the testator, bequeathed to James W. Sullivan, but that the said testator declared his intention before making the deed to change his will and give this land to the said Mary E. Brown.
It is further charged that the deeds were left at the house of O’Neal, one of the executors, and where the said Spencer Sullivan died, and that the said executors.getting.
The answer of the defendants admits the writing of the deeds, but denies that it was the testator’s intention, before or at his death, to deliver the same, but desired that they should be destroyed and to have his property otherwise distributed. That there were other deeds, also written at the same, time, but that the testator did not wish-them delivered until he had finished making provision for the balance of his family, which he became too ill to do.
Upon the trial of the issues herein made the jury found a.verdict for the complainants. The defendants made a motion for a new trial which was refused, and that refusal is the error assigned in this case.
The right of the defendants to a new trial depends not so directly upon the facts of the case .as upon the errors alleged to have been committed by the court in its charge to the jury. The testimony was, in our opinion, quite sufficient to have sustained a.verdict either for the plaintiffs or the defendants, had the issue been so distinctly presented, as that the theory.of each party could have been thoroughly understood .and. passed upon by the jury.
The theory of the plaintiffs in error and defendants below was, that he had an executory scheme by which he was to divide his estate himself in his life time between his heirs at law, thereby revoking his will, and that after making the deeds aforesaid he became too ill to complete it, and died without having done so.
The purpose, therefore, in the case- of the plaintiffs below was, to show not only the execution of the deeds to them but their delivery also. The execution was admitted by the defendants, but the delivery was not only denied, but they further insisted that this execution was only a part of an unfinished scheme by which he was to dispose of his entire estate and thereby revoke his will. ■That he never intended to deliver any until alPwere finished, and that he became to ill to perfect his scheme, which was to make provision for his wife and James W. Sullivan, which he was never able to do.
Taking then this view of the case, was the charge as set forth in the sixth ground of the motion for a new trial a full and fair presentation of the questions made? We think not. Nor can we agree to this part of this charge which asserts that, if “Sullivan intended then .and' there by his words to renounce all dominion over either the deeds or the land
■ The delivery of a deed in a legal sense, consists in the transfer of the possession and dominion, and it is complete at the moment when the deed is in the hands or power of the grantee with the consent of the grantor and with his intent that it should operate and enure as a muniment of title to the grantee. The grantee's presence ig not necessary ; it is sufficient that the deed goes out of the hands or control of the grantor, with his intent that it should go to those of the grantee, and that it ultimately does so. Greenleaf’s Cruise on Real Property, vol.-2, p. 42, and the cases there cited. •
It matters not though the grantor be dead at the time when the deed reaches the hands of the grantee, if it were previously left with a third person for his use. 2 Mass., 447; 17 Ib., 213, 220, 221,; 3 Met., 412; 1 Johns Ch. Rep., 240, 254-5.
A deed may be delivered by acts without words, or words without acts, or by both. Any thing which clearly manifests the intention that the debd shall presently become operative and effectual is sufficient. 2 Gillman and authorities cited. It is, however, to be remembered, that all the authorities concur in laying down the rule, that the sáme strictness is not required in cases of the delivery of voluntary deeds as in the ordinary cases of bargain and sale.
These are the general rules which govern in the matter of. delivery of deeds. But where the facts of the case
This view of the case, we think, should have been clearly and distinctly put before the jury, so that they could have passed on the facts in the light of the two theories so manifest and so important to the parties.
Judgment reversed.