38 Colo. 275 | Colo. | 1906
delivered the opinion of the court:
A stranger to this action was the owner of certain certificates of stock in a mining company organized under the laws of this state. The certificates were in the usual form, having on the back a blank form of indorsement and an appropriate blank power of attorney for their proper transfer. This owner indorsed them in blank, and subsequently they were purchased by the plaintiff, John O’Mara, on the stock exchange. With the certificates in this condition, 0 ’Mara left them for safe keeping with C. A. Gill, who was a stockbroker in the city of Cripple Creek. Several months after this deposit Gill, who was a customer of the First National Bank, applied to its cashier, E. C. Newcomb, for a loan, which he secured by pledging as collateral security various certificates of stock, including the ones in controversy.
Newcomb was aware that it was the custom of some stockbrokers to borrow money of other lenders and pledge as security certificates of stock which they held as agents or brokers, but his bank had never done so, and he supposed, when Gill applied for the loan, that he was the owner of the certificates. No inquiry was made as to their ownership, and nothing occurred at that, or any other, time to apprise New-
Subsequently Grill departed from the state without paying the note, and the bank proposed to sell the stock and apply the proceeds to the liquidation of the debt. Afterwards, plaintiff’s demand for possession of these certificates was refused, and thereupon he notified the mining company not to make transfer of them upon the books of the company to defendant. Before that, a sale of the stock had been made by the defendant bank, but, because of plaintiff’s notice to the company not to transfer, the sale could not be perfected.
The plaintiff then brought this action to recover the value of the stock, and the defendants denied his ownership, and the'bank, alleging that it was a bona fide purchaser for value without notice of plaintiff’s equities, resisted the claim, and, by way of counterclaim, asked for damages which it sustained by reason of its inability to sell the stock because of plaintiff’s wrongful interference, the stock thereafter and at the time of the trial being practically worthless.
The trial court dismissed plaintiff’s action, and also defendants’ counterclaim, and the plaintiff, 0 ’Mara, brings the case here by appeal.
The foregoing statement of facts, as to which the evidence seems not to be in conflict — at least, it strongly tends to establish the facts as recited—
The plaintiff seeks to bring the case within the doctrine applicable to tangible personal property, that mere possession thereof does not clothe the holder, with sufficient indicia of ownership to pass title to an innocent purchaser; and also invokes the doctrine governing transfers of stolen or forged negotiable paper or certificates of stock. Neither is in point. Here the plaintiff, the true owner, voluntarily clothed Gill, his bailee, with the usual indicia of ownership of these certificates. • A blank form of assignment on the back was signed by him, including the blank power of attorney. This enabled Gill, or any other holder, to present them to the issuing corporation, and to have the shares transferred to any person whose name was inserted in the appropriate blanks.
Supply Ditch Co. v. Elliott is in harmony with all the best reasoned modern cases in this country, though contrary to the general rule laid down by the courts of England. At section 1708g, 2 Daniel on Neg. Ins. (4th ed.), it is said that, when such formal assignment and power of attorney in blank is signed' by the shareholder — as was true in the case before us — and the certificate is delivered therewith, an ap
In speaking to the same point, Cook on Stock and Stockholders (3d ed.), section 416, says: “Indeed, to such an extent has the law of estoppel been applied to protect a bona fide purchaser of stock, that he is protected now in almost every instance where he would be protected if he were purchasing a promissory note or other negotiable instrument.” And,' while it is true that certificates of stock are not negotiable paper, and the statement that they are semi-negotiable has been criticised as tending to confusion, it is nevertheless true that the courts are so steadily and consistently extending the application of the law of estoppel to certificates of stock that, as said by Mr. Cook, in the course of time it is possible that they may become more negotiable than negotiable instruments themselves.
One of the leading cases in support of our conclusion is McNeil v. Tenth Nat. Bank, 46 N. Y. 325. The opinion by Bapallo, Judge, is well reasoned and conclusive.
The learned commentator on the Law of Corporations, Judge Thompson, in volume 2, at sections 2589 and 2593, cites Supply Ditch Co. v. Elliott, supra, as stating the true doctrine in this country. There are other reasons, not necessary to discuss, why plaintiff failed to establish the cause of action pleaded.
In argument, appellees say that the trial court committed error in dismissing their counterclaim, and ask either that judgment here he entered in their
The judgment as rendered should be affirmed.
Affirmed.
Chief Justice G-abbert and Mr. Justice Steele concur. _