96 N.J.L. 210 | N.J. | 1921
The opinion of the court was delivered by
This is an action by a. husband individually and as administrator ad prosequendum, of his wife, for injuries caused by defendant’s negligence which resulted in her death. The plaintiff recovered a judgment from which the defendant has appealed. The basis of the judgment is that the defendant, a dentist, in treating the teeth of the deceased did it so negligently as to- injure the mouth of the deceased from 'which tetanus set in of which she died. A rule to show cause after verdict was allowed upon the ground that damages were excessive, all exceptions being reserved, which was discharged by the trial court. There was evidence which, if competent and credited by the jury, justify them in finding that when deceased went to the defendant for treatment her mouth whs not diseased except that she was suffering from| a toothache; that the teeth were treated’
The first point made by the appellant is that this statement by the .wife, not being under oath, was erroneously admitted, because it was a self-serving declaration; 'immaterial; and in violation of the hearsay rule. This objection is not sound. The statement 'was made by the wife in the presence of the defendant, at his request, of a matter which if not true was known by the defendant to be false, and "Which he was then able to deny. The non-denial of a statement made in the presence of the party charged which tend? to establish his liability may amount to an admission of its truth, if, as it appears in this case, the statement was heard and understood by the party an-d lie had knowledge of the facts stated; was not physically disabled from answering; had a motive for denying it and would naturally do so if
The next point made is that it was error for the court to charge in relation to the foregoing testimony, “This evidence, which if believed, is important evidence in the case, ■and I simply bring it to your attention because of the importance and the value it has if true upon the cause that is before you for determination, and I say to you that as to it you are to give it just that same careful consideration which I am sure you will give to all the testimony.” This was nut error for if the evidence was competent the jury should give it the samle careful consideration they did to all the testimony.
The third! point made is that there was no proof of any act of the defendant from 'which negligence could properly he inferred. This applies to the refusal to nonsuit, or direct for defendant. The answer is that there was evidence that the woman’s mouth was in ordinary condition before it was treated by defendant, and also that after treatment it was in bad condition, indicating that it had been burned by electricity used by defendant, which the appellant argues could not have happened if the testimony on behalf of the defendant was true, but this requires weighing the evidence which this court cannot, do.
The fourth point argued is that there was no causal connection between deceased’s visit to defendant and her treatment followed by her death from tetanus, five weeks later. There is no merit in this because there 'was evidence which
The next point is that the court was in error in permitting a witness to testify as an expert when he was not qualified. He was called as an electrical expert, and it appeared that he had been employed by an electric comfpany on the lighting-system of automobiles, and being asked whether the machine used by the dentist was so insulated as to prevent the flow of electricity in a dangerous volume, he replied it was not; and also whether its condition was such that an undue electric current could pass through it, to which he answered that it could. We cannot say that a person who was accustomed to deal with electricity as it appears this witness had been, was not a competent expert to express an opinion on the question whether the machine described to him was so insulated as to prevent the flow of an excessive current of electricity. The evidence was ample to justify the trial court in assuming- his expert knowledge to be sufficient. There being evidence to support the trial court, we should not reverse its finding.
The next point is that the plaintiff’s witness, a physician, was allowed to answer a hypothetical question objected to. The question included facts which had been pr'oven by the plaintiff, although subsequently denied by the defendant, and the objection was-based on the ground that it assumed, as proven, facts that the defendant denied although supported by evidence offered by the plaintiff, and also that it did not include all the facts upon which the plaintiff relied. Such questions are usually^ based on a combination of such facts as the questioner m|ay choose, on the assumption that the jury may accept them. The question need not include all the facts, but may be limited to those, the questioner may select to obtain the opinion of the witness on that basis. “The natural conclusion would; be that the questioner need not cover in this hypothesis the entire body of the testimony.” ~Wig. Ev., § 682. The question was not objectionable for the reason urged.
The last point is refusal to charge the defendant's requests. But all these requests ara based upon the, conclusiveness of the evidence of the defendant, and the assumption that there was no evidence of the defendant's negligence is based upon testimony in contradiction of the proofs of the plaintiff.
Finding no error in this Record which justifies reversal, the judgment will he affirmed, with costs.
For affirmance— The Chancellor, Chief Justice, Swayize, Trenohard, Parker, Bergen, Uinturn, Kalisoi-i, Black, Katzenbaci-i, White, Hereexiieimbr, Gardner, JJ. 13.
For reversal■—Hone.