A jury found Ramon Laconte Olds guilty of burglary, armed robbery, possession of a firearm during commission of the burglary, and possession of more than one ounce of marijuana. The trial court denied his motion for new trial. Olds appeals, contending that the evidence was insufficient to support his convictiоns and that the trial court erred in allowing a limited portion of the trial transcript to be read to the jury during its deliberations. For the following reasons, we affirm.
Construed in favor of the verdict, the evidence shows that on the night of July 6, 2002, two men, armed with handguns, entered a private residence through the back window. At thе time of the intrusion, four children were at the home alone. After entering through the window, the two intruders pointed their handguns at the children and asked for the father by name. After the children told them that the father was not at home, the two intruders began rummaging through the father’s bedroom. They took a PlayStation 2 videо game system belonging to one of the children, and a shotgun and bag of marijuana belonging to the father. The intruders then left the home and shot the family dog as they escaped.
The children called the police to report the home invasion and to identify the intruders. Both intruders were wearing black hаts, black clothing, and black and white bandanas over their faces. One of the intruders had his hair in dreadlocks. The other was slim.
An officer with the Albany Police Department quickly responded to the call. As the officer traveled to the children’s residence, he observed a red pickup truck travеling down a street that ran perpendicular to, and was only a short distance from, the street where the residence was located. The officer observed three occupants in the truck. As the officer passed the pickup truck, it “took off” in a suspicious manner. The officer turned his vеhicle around to follow the truck, but by the time he did so, the truck had crashed into a telephone pole. Immediately after the crash, a witness standing nearby saw two males run from the vehicle. One of them had dreadlocks, while the other was very slim in build.
Upon arriving at the scene, the officer saw that the driver of the pickup truck was trapped behind the steering wheel as a result of the crash. The driver was identified as Olds. The father whose home was invaded later testified that Olds was one of his acquaintances.
Because Olds’s pickup truck had to be towed, the police conducted an inventory search. Inside the truck were the PlayStation 2 video game system, the shotgun, and the bag of marijuana stolen during the home invasion. A black and white bandana, black t-shirt, *885 and various caps were lying on the front seat of the truck. Officers also found a cocked, loaded handgun under the driver’s seat and an assault rifle in the toolbox in the bed of the truck. Olds admitted that the handgun and assault rifle belonged to him.
A neighbor found another handgun, which contained five bullets and one empty shell casing, lying on the ground a short distance from the crash scene. One of the child witnesses to the burglary and armed robbery testified that the handgun, a silver revolver, looked the same as the gun brandished by one of the intruders.
Olds was arrested and taken to the police station.
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An officer advised Olds of his constitutional rights under
Miranda v. Arizona,
Olds provided a handwritten statement to a police investigator after he was advised again of his constitutional rights. For the first time, Olds identified the name of the road where he said that he had encountered the four men. In contrast to his previous oral statement, Olds claimed that the gun was pulled on him prior to the time when the patrol car approached his truck. Unlike in his oral statement, Olds also Claimed that all four of the men got into his truck with him. Olds could not give a description of any of the men.
A patrol unit was sent to the road where Olds said that he had encountered the broken-down car and the four men. No car was located that matched the description given by Olds.
Olds was indicted on charges of burglary, armed robbery, possession of a firearm during commission of the burglary, and possession of marijuana with intent to distribute. At trial, Olds moved for a directed verdict of acquittal, asserting that there was insufficient evidence that he directly participated in or was a party to the crimes. The trial court denied the motion. The jury convicted Olds of burglary, armed robbery, possession of a firearm during commission of the burglary, and the lesser included offense of possession of more than one ounce of mаrijuana.
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1. Olds contends that the trial court erred in denying his motion for a directed verdict of acquittal on the charges of burglary
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and armed robbery.
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“The standard of review for the denial of a motion for a directed verdict of acquitted is the same as for determining the sufficiency of the evidence to support а conviction.”
Head v. State,
Even if an accused does not directly commit the crime, the jury can convict him as a party to the crime if he “intentionally aids or abets in the commission of [the] crime or intentionally advises, encourages, hires, counsels or procures another to commit the crime.” (Footnote omitted.)
Buruca v. State,
While mere presence at the scene of the commission of a crime is not sufficient evidence to convict one of being a party thereto, presence, companionship, and conduct before and after the offense are circumstаnces from which one’s participation in the criminal intent may be inferred.
(Citation omitted.)
Head,
We conclude that there was sufficient evidence to convict Olds as a party to the charged offenses. Shortly after the crimes ocсurred, Olds was seen driving his pickup truck in a direction consistent with his vehicle having just come from the home that had been burglarized and robbed. A witness near the crash scene saw two suspects matching the description of the intruders fleeing from Olds’s pickup truck shortly after the crimes occurred. Moreover, items stolen from the home were found in Olds’s pickup truck, as were two loaded weapons owned by Olds and clothing items that witnesses linked to the crimes, namely, a black and white bandana, black t-shirt, and *887 various caps. Likewise, a handgun that one of the child witnesses identified as looking like the gun used by one оf the intruders was found near the crash scene. Finally, Olds sped up in a suspicious manner when his pickup truck was approached by a patrol car.
Based on this combined circumstantial evidence, the jury was entitled to infer that Olds had waited at the scene of the crimes and had served as the getaway driver, making him a party to the crimes of burglary and armed robbery. See
Jordan v. State,
We are unpersuaded by Olds’s claim that the state failed to exclude every reasonable hypothesis except that of guilt under OCGA § 24-4-6.
To support a verdict, circumstantial evidence need exclude only reasonable hypotheses, not exclude every inference or hypothesis except that of the defendant’s guilt. Whether circumstances were sufficient in this case to exclude every reasonable hypothesis except that of defendant’s guilt was a question for the jury. It is only when the evidence is insupportable as a matter of law that the jury’s verdict may be disturbed, even where the evidence is entirely circumstantial.
(Footnote omitted.)
Buruca,
2. Olds likewise contends that there was insufficiеnt evidence to convict him of possession of a firearm during the commission of the burglary.
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We disagree. For the reasons discussed in Division 1, Olds was a party to the crime of burglary by serving as the getaway driver, and he admitted to an officer that he owned two of the firearms found in the getaway vehicle. Additiоnally, there was trial testimony that the two intruders possessed firearms during their commission of the burglary. Accordingly, the jury was entitled to conclude that Olds was a party to the crime of possession of a firearm during the commission of the burglary.
See Anderson v. State,
3. Olds further argues that there was insufficient evidence to convict him of possession of marijuana with intent to distribute. Olds, however, was acquitted of that offense, and his acquittal renders moot his challenge concerning the sufficiency of the evidence on that charge. See
Sanders v. State,
Olds instead was convicted of the lesser included offense of possession of more than an ounce of marijuana,
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and there was sufficient evidence to support that conviction. The two intruders took the marijuana as part of the burglary and armed robbery, and Olds was a party to those crimes. Moreover, the marijuana was found
*889
in Olds’s pickup truck in a place easily accessible to him. Under these circumstances, the jury was еntitled to find that Olds and the two intruders were in joint constructive possession of the marijuana. See
Boykin v. State,
4. Olds contends that the trial court erred in allowing only a limited portion of the direct testimony of two eyewitnеsses to be reread to the jury during its deliberations. Again, we disagree.
While deliberating, the jury requested to rehear specific testimony by two eyewitnesses regarding the color of the t-shirt worn by one of the intruders. Over objection, the trial court reread to the jury the requested testimony concerning the color of the intruder’s t-shirt. The trial court then issued a cautionary instruction to the jury, directing it to consider all of the trial testimony and “not to overly emphasize this testimony over the balance of the testimony.”
The trial court, in its discretion, may permit the jury at its instigation to rehear requested portions of thе trial testimony after the jury has begun its deliberations, where, as here, the testimony is read in the defendant’s presence. See
Puga-Cerantes v. State,
Judgment affirmed.
Notes
Another individual wаs apprehended, charged, and tried with Olds under the theory that he was one of the two intruders who had fled from the pickup truck after it crashed, but his trial ended in a mistrial as the result of a hung jury. The other individual who fled from the pickup truck was never apprehended.
Under OCGA § 16-7-1 (a), “[a] person commits the offеnse of burglary when, without authority and with the intent to commit a felony or theft therein, he enters or remains within the dwelling house of another.”
Under OCGA § 16-8-41 (a), “[a] person commits the offense of armed robbery when, with intent to commit theft, he or she takes property of another from the person or the immediate presence of another by use of an offensive weapon, or any replica, article, or device having the appearance of such weapon.”
Under OCGA § 16-11-106 (b) (2), “[a]ny person who shall have on or within arm’s reach of his or her person a firearm . . . during the commission of, or the аttempt to commit! ] . . . [t]he unlawful entry into a building or vehicle! ] . . . and which crime is a felony, commits a felony.”
Under OCGA § 16-13-30 (j) (1), “[i]t is unlawful for any person to possess, have under his control, manufacture, deliver, distribute, dispense, administer, purchase, sell, or possess with intent to distribute marijuana.” Possession of more than an ounce of marijuana renders the charge a felony. See OCGA §§ 16-13-2 (b); 16-13-30 (j) (2).