Oladayo Adeleke OLADOKUN, Plaintiff, v. CORRECTIONAL TREATMENT FACILITY, et al., Defendants.
Civil Action No.: 13-00358(RC)
United States District Court, District of Columbia.
November 22, 2013
RUDOLPH CONTRERAS, United States District Judge
Re Document Nos.: 7, 14, 17
Finally, Plaintiff requests attorney‘s fees and costs in the amount of $2,955.00. The documentation attached to Plaintiff‘s motion indicates that Plaintiff incurred $2,425.00 in attorney‘s fees and $130.00 in costs associated with service of process. Id. App. 000023-26. Plaintiff also claims a $400.00 filing fee. Id. at 6. The service of process costs are fully documented. The attorney‘s fees reflect a little under ten hours of work at a rate of $250.00 per hour. Plaintiff did not provide information concerning applicable market rates, but instead referred only to the Laffey matrix, citing Salazar v. District of Columbia, 123 F.Supp.2d 8, 15 (D.D.C.2000). Nevertheless, the Court concludes that Plaintiff‘s request for attorney‘s fees and costs is reasonable. The $250.00 per hour rate is within the range approved recently by this Court in LaSalle, 267 F.R.D. at 435 ($220.00 per hour), and in Int‘l Painters & Allied Trades Indus. Pension Fund v. Dettrey‘s Allstate Painting, LLC, 763 F.Supp.2d 32, 37 (D.D.C.2011) (same). Though Plaintiff claims to have spent $400.00 on the filing fee, there is no documentation of this payment. The receipt referenced in the docket lists only the standard $350.00 fee. See Dkt. # 1.4
For the foregoing reasons, the Court grants Plaintiff‘s motion for default judgment, and awards Plaintiff $15,424.91—$8,400.00 in unpaid contributions, $1,680.00 in liquidated damages, $2,439.91 in interest, and $2,905.00 in attorney‘s fees and costs. An Order consistent with this Memorandum Opinion will issue separately.
Anne Marie Orcutt, Daniel P. Struck, Struck, Wieneke & Love, PLC, Chandler, AZ, Mariana Del Valle Bravo, Matthew D. Berkowitz, Carr Maloney PC, Shermineh C. Jones, Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia, General Litigation Section IV, Michelle Jean Seo, U.S. Attorney‘s Office, Washington, DC, for Defendants.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
GRANTING PLAINTIFF‘S MOTION TO AMEND AND DENYING AS MOOT ALL OTHER PENDING MOTIONS
I. INTRODUCTION
This matter is before the Court on plaintiff‘s “The Amend Motion Regarding Original Complaint Before the Court,” which the Court interprets as a motion to amend the complaint. See ECF No. 17.1 Defendant, Corrections Corporation of America, has opposed the motion. See ECF No. 21.2 For the reasons discussed below, plaintiff‘s motion to amend will be granted.
II. FACTUAL BACKGROUND
Plaintiff, who is proceeding pro se in this action, was a federal pretrial detainee that was held, by virtue of a contract between the USMS and the District of Columbia Department of Corrections (“DOC“), at the Correctional Treatment Facility (“CTF“), which is operated for DOC by the Corrections Corporation of America (“CCA“). Plaintiff‘s original complaint filed in Superior Court, in its entirety, alleged the following: The defendants failed to give plaintiff proper care while in their custody. See ECF No. 6, Attach. 1 at 7. On August 11, 2010, Chief Magistrate Judge William Connelly in the District of Maryland, ordered the USMS, or its contracting agencies, because of plaintiff‘s then-recent surgery on his right hand, to have plaintiff promptly receive an evaluation by an appropriate health care provider and receive care and treatment consistent with the standard of care for the condition revealed by the evaluation.3 Plaintiff alleged that his custodians, USMS, CCA, CTF, and DOC were negligent4 for failure to provide him proper
On April 8, 2013, the plaintiff filed a “Motion to Amend the Original Complaint Before this Court.” ECF No. 8. DC, DOC, and CTF/CCA, opposed the motion. ECF No. 9. The Court, treating the pleading as a motion because of its caption, granted the motion and ordered plaintiff to file his amended complaint by May 17, 2013. No such amended complaint was filed by that date. As such, on August 19, 2013, the Court ordered plaintiff to respond to the pending motions to dismiss, amend his complaint, or move for an extension, by September 19, 2013. ECF No. 16. In retrospect, the Court believes that pro se plaintiff intended the “motion” to be his amended complaint. On September 10, 2013, the pro se plaintiff filed another pleading captioned “The Amend Motion Regarding Original Complaint Before This Court.” ECF No. 17. The Court will deem this pleading as plaintiff‘s proposed amended complaint (“Compl.“).
In what the Court deems as plaintiff‘s proposed amended complaint, plaintiff alleges the following: Plaintiff received reconstructive surgery on his broken right hand at Howard University in 2009. Compl. at 2. Because the hand did not heal properly, a second surgery was performed on August 4, 2010. Id. The surgeon ordered an aggressive regimen of physical therapy. Id. Unfortunately for plaintiff, he was arrested shortly thereafter and was detained pending trial. Id. Although plaintiff was ordered into the custody of the USMS, (due to a contractual arrangement between the USMS and the DOC), he was processed at the D.C. Jail and transferred to the CTF (which is operated by CCA as part of a contractual arrangement with DOC). Id. The Magistrate Judge who ordered plaintiff‘s detention issued a “Medical Red Alert” due to the large cast and bandage on plaintiff‘s right hand. Id.
While held at the CTF, plaintiff claims he was not given proper care for an entire year. Compl. at 3. For example, he claims that he was not given pain medicine for the hand and that his stitches were not taken out on time. Id. Because the cast and bandages were kept on for too long, plaintiff claims the bandages reeked of a foul odor. Id. After a delay, plaintiff was finally able to see an orthopedic doctor, who turned out to be the same surgeon who performed his previous two procedures, Dr. Antwang. Id. Dr. Antwang again, ordered extensive physical therapy, four to five times a week, in order for plaintiff‘s hand to properly function. Id. During a follow-up visit with Dr. Antwang three or four weeks later, the doctor inquired why plaintiff had not received the physical therapy he had ordered. Id. The CTF staff assured Dr. Antwang that plaintiff would be scheduled for physical therapy. Id.
Although plaintiff was, apparently, taken to a room in the CTF to receive physical therapy, he claims that on most occasions, he simply waited for hours, or sometimes for a whole day, without seeing a therapist. Id. Although on some occasions plaintiff did see a therapist, on many scheduled days he would not be removed from his housing unit while the therapist unsuccessfully waited for plaintiff in the medical unit.5 Id.
Defendant CCA has opposed plaintiff‘s motion to amend. See Defendant CCA‘s Response to Plaintiff‘s Amend Motion Regarding Original Complaint (“Opposition” or “Opp.“), ECF No. 21. Defendants make three arguments in opposition. First, defendant CCA suggests that it cannot be held liable for failure to provide appropriate medical care because it does not provide medical care—Unity Healthcare does. Opp. at 2. Next, CCA argues that, as a private entity, no constitutional claim may be asserted against it. Id. Finally, defendant CCA argues that amendment would be futile because plaintiff fails to state a claim for deliberate indifference. Id. at 3. Each of these arguments is addressed below. Moreover, because plaintiff‘s proposed amended complaint does not resolve all of the issues set out in defendants’ original motion to dismiss, those arguments are addressed first.
III. ANALYSIS
A. Legal Standard for a Motion to Amend Under Rule 15
Pursuant to
With respect to an amendment being futile, “a district court may properly deny a motion to amend if the amended pleading would not survive a motion to dismiss.” In re Interbank Funding Corp. Sec. Litig., 629 F.3d 213, 218 (D.C.Cir. 2010); see also James Madison Ltd. v. Ludwig, 82 F.3d 1085, 1099 (D.C.Cir.1996) (“Courts may deny a motion to amend a complaint as futile if the proposed claim would not survive a motion to dismiss.“). Therefore, in assessing an argument that an amendment would be futile, the court must assess the proposed amendments under the same standard as would be applied to a motion to dismiss.
Nevertheless, “[t]o survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 173 L.Ed.2d 868 (2009) (internal quotation marks omitted). “Threadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements,” are therefore insufficient to withstand a motion to dismiss. Id. A court need not accept a plaintiff‘s legal conclusions as true, id., nor must the court presume the veracity of legal conclusions that are couched as factual allegations. Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007). And, although a pro se complaint is “held to less stringent standards than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers,” Erickson, 551 U.S. at 94, 127 S.Ct. 2197, it too, “must plead ‘factual matter’ that permits the court to infer ‘more than the mere possibility of misconduct,‘” Atherton v. District of Columbia Office of the Mayor, 567 F.3d 672, 681-82 (D.C.Cir.2009) (quoting Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678-79, 129 S.Ct. 1937).
B. Defendants’ Prior Motion to Dismiss
Because the Court will grant plaintiff‘s motion to amend, defendants’ prior motion to dismiss essentially becomes moot. But because plaintiff‘s proposed amended complaint does not address all of the issues raised by defendants in that motion, the Court addresses them here.
1. Department of Corrections as Separate Defendant
The D.C. Department of Corrections has argued that, as a separate agency within the executive branch of the District government, it is non sui juris and cannot be sued as a separate entity because it does not have the capacity to be sued. Defs.’ Mot. to Dismiss 3, ECF No. 7. In his amended complaint, plaintiff seems to continue to seek damages against the Department of Corrections. Compl. at 5. But defendants are correct that the Department of Corrections cannot be sued separately from the District of Columbia.
2. Compliance with the Notice Requirement of D.C. Code § 12-309
The District of Columbia has further argued that the District must be dismissed as a defendant because plaintiff failed to comply with the strict notice requirements of
3. Failure to State a Claim
The defendants’ motion to dismiss also argues that plaintiff has failed to state a claim upon which relief may be granted because the complaint fails to include specific factual allegations sufficient to put each defendant on notice of any claim against it. Defs.’ Mot. to Dismiss at 5. But that argument was based on plaintiff‘s original sparse complaint. Because plaintiff has since amended his complaint to provide far more specificity, this argument has been superceded and is, thus, moot.
C. CCA‘s Opposition to Motion to Plaintiff‘s Amend
As set forth above, CCA has opposed plaintiff‘s motion to amend. In that opposition, CCA: (1) suggests that it cannot be held liable for failure to provide appropriate medical care because it does not provide medical care, Unity Healthcare does; (2) argues that, as a private entity, no constitutional claim may be asserted against it; and, (3) argues that amendment would be futile because plaintiff fails to state a claim for deliberate indifference. For the reasons set forth below, each of these arguments fail.
1. Standard for a Deliberate Indifference Claim
In his amended complaint, plaintiff characterizes the defendants’ alleged failure to provide him proper medical care as a violation of his constitutional right embodied in the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments. Compl. at 5-7. Plaintiff
In Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 97 S.Ct. 285, 50 L.Ed.2d 251 (1976), the Supreme Court set forth the standards for inmates claiming a lack of adequate medical care. In that case, the Supreme Court held that “deliberate indifference to serious medical needs of prisoners constitutes the ‘unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain,’ proscribed by the Eighth Amendment. This is true whether the indifference is manifested by prison doctors in their response to the prisoners’ needs or by prison guards in intentionally denying or delaying access to medical care or intentionally interfering with the treatment once prescribed. Regardless of how evidenced, deliberate indifference to a prisoner‘s serious illness or injury states a cause of action under
The Supreme Court further elucidated what was required for a deliberate indifference claim in Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 114 S.Ct. 1970, 128 L.Ed.2d 811 (1994). In that case, the Court held that “a prison official cannot be found liable under the Eighth Amendment for denying an inmate humane conditions of confinement unless the official knows of
2. CCA‘s Arguments
In its Opposition, CCA: (1) suggests that it cannot be held liable for failure to provide appropriate medical care because it does not provide medical care, Unity Healthcare does; (2) argues that, as a private entity, no constitutional claim may be asserted against it; and (3) argues that amendment would be futile because plaintiff fails to state a claim for deliberate indifference. Each of these arguments is addressed in turn.
a. CCA Does Not Have To Provide Medical Care to Be Found Liable
In its Opposition, CCA suggests that it cannot be held liable for failure to provide appropriate medical care because it does not provide medical care, Unity Healthcare does. Opp. at 2. But this suggestion misapprehends the relevant Supreme Court precedent.
As the Supreme Court made clear in Estelle, a claim for deliberate indifference to serious medical needs of prisoners can be made regardless of “whether the indifference is manifested by prison doctors in their response to the prisoners’ needs or by prison guards in intentionally denying or delaying access to medical care or intentionally interfering with the treatment once prescribed.” Estelle, 429 U.S. at 104-05, 97 S.Ct. 285 (emphasis added); see also Monmouth Co. Corr. Inst. Inmates v. Lanzaro, 834 F.2d 326, 347 (3d Cir.1987) (deliberate indifference is demonstrated when prison authorities prevent an inmate from receiving recommended treatment for serious medical needs or deny access to physician capable of evaluating the need for such treatment). In this case, plaintiff specifically alleges that prison officials at CTF intentionally denied, delayed, or interfered with the physical therapy regimen prescribed by his physicians. In fact, he alleges that the therapists sat in a room waiting for him but the prison officials prevented him from leaving his housing unit. At this stage of the litigation, amendment on this issue would not be futile.
b. Despite Being a Private Entity, CCA Could Be Held Liable Pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983
Next, CAA argues that, as a private entity, no constitutional claims could be asserted against it. CCA‘s argument is based on cases and analysis presuming that plaintiff‘s claims are premised on a theory of liability under Bivens. Opp. at 2-3. But as set forth above, the Court interprets plaintiff‘s claims as being pursued against the District of Columbia and the contractor that operates its prison
c. Plaintiff‘s Amendments Are Not Futile
Finally, CCA argues that plaintiff‘s deliberate indifference claim fails because he has not alleged: (1) that his alleged injuries were caused by an official policy or custom of CCA11 or (2) that a specific CCA employee knew of and consciously disregarded a substantial risk to his health or safety causing his alleged injuries. Opp. at 3-4. But plaintiff‘s claims in this case are similar to those that were allowed to proceed in Smith, 674 F.Supp.2d at 206-07 (allowing deliberate indifference claims to proceed where inmate pleaded: that he had repeatedly requested medical treatment and made complaints and grievances to CCA [and thus, CCA knew of supposedly unconstitutional medical care]; that CCA failed to take reasonable actions to ensure that systemic problems were addressed; coupled with the absence of any indication that the inmate‘s medical treatment improved during his incarceration, plausibly suggested that CCA failed to act in the face of its employees allegedly unconstitutional behavior); see also Durmer v. O‘Carroll, 991 F.2d 64, 67-69 (3d Cir. 1993) (inmate states viable claim, if the failure to provide adequate care in the form of physical therapy was deliberate, and motivated by non-medical factors, where he spent months in the prison system without receiving the physical therapy prescribed by his pre-incarceration physician, despite his repeated notification to the authorities of his deteriorating condition and his need for immediate therapy); Williams v. Feinerman, No. 11-448-GPM, 2012 WL 1855172, at *3 (S.D.III. May 21, 2012) (“Where a prison doctor is aware of express post-operative instructions regarding physical therapy for finger, but deliberately disregards them, a fact-finder may conclude that the doctor had sufficient knowledge of the risk of harm to sustain a deliberate indifference claim.“). Thus, similarly, this Court determines that CCA has not demonstrated that allowing plaintiff to amend his complaint would be futile.
IV. CONCLUSION
For the reasons set forth above, plaintiff‘s motion to amend (ECF No. 17) is granted. The pleading docketed as ECF No. 17 shall be deemed his amended complaint. And defendants shall have 30 days from the date of the order to respond to the amended complaint. All other pending motions (ECF Nos. 7, 14) are denied as moot. An order consistent with this Memorandum Opinion is separately and contemporaneously issued.
RUDOLPH CONTRERAS
United States District Judge