YASSIN OLABI, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. NEUTRON HOLDINGS, INC., Defendant and Appellant.
A156990
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT, DIVISION FIVE
Filed: 6/19/20
CERTIFIED FOR PUBLICATION. San Francisco City and County Super. Ct. No. CGC-18-569564.
BACKGROUND
A.
The Legislature enacted thе Private Attorney General Act in September 2003 after determining that law enforcement agencies lacked the resources to enforcе adequately California‘s labor laws. (Iskanian v. CLS Transportation Los Angeles, LLC (2014) 59 Cal.4th 348, 379.) In a PAGA action, an aggrieved employee—acting as a proxy for state enforcement agencies—may sue an employer on behalf of herself and other aggrieved employees for Labor Code violations. (Id. at p. 381.) When the parties have a preexisting arbitration agreement, California law blocks the employer from enforcing the agreement with respect to represеntative PAGA claims for civil penalties; however, the agreement may be enforceable with respect to other claims, including claims for viсtim-specific relief (like unpaid wages). (Id. at pp. 384-389, 391-392; ZB, N.A. v. Superior Court (2019) 8 Cal.5th 175, 198.)
B.
Lime rents electric bicycles and scooters in metropolitan areas. In August 2018, Olabi entered into an аgreement with Lime to locate, recharge, and redeploy its scooters. The agreement contains an “Arbitration Provision” that required Olabi and Lime to arbitrate “any and all disputes between or among them,” including Olabi‘s classification as an independent contractor. However, the same section contains an exception for PAGA representative actions: “this Arbitration Provision . . . shall [not] apply to a representativе action brought on behalf of others under [PAGA]; any representative action brought under PAGA on behalf of others must be litigated in a court of compеtent jurisdiction.”
C.
In the fall of 2018, Olabi filed a complaint alleging Lime intentionally misclassified him and others as independent contractors, resulting in the violatiоn of various Labor Code provisions, such as the right to a minimum
In response, Lime petitioned to compel arbitration and stay the proceedings, arguing Olabi wаs required to arbitrate independent contractor classification disputes. Lime further argued the exception for representative actions did not cover the unfair competition claim or the PAGA claim to the extent that Olabi sought victim-specific relief.
Several weeks befоre the hearing on Lime‘s petition, Olabi voluntarily dismissed his unfair competition claim with prejudice. During the hearing, Olabi disavowed any claim for victim-specific relief, and he requested leave to file an amended complaint. The trial court denied Lime‘s petition without prejudice and granted Olаbi leave to amend. That day, Olabi filed a second amended complaint, omitting the already-dismissed Unfair Competition claim and explicitly pleading he was not seeking victim-specific relief under PAGA.
DISCUSSION
A.
Because the facts are undisputed, we review de novo the trial court‘s denial of Lime‘s motion to compel arbitration. (Nunez v. Novell Group, Inc. (2019) 35 Cal.App.5th 838, 845.)
B.
Preliminarily, Lime mischaracterizes the trial court‘s order by suggesting that it improperly deferred ruling on the petition so that Olabi could amend his complaint to eliminate Lime‘s right to arbitration.
That is not what happened. Olabi voluntarily dismissed the unfair competition claim wеeks before the hearing. (
C.
Limes’ main argument is that the agreement requires the parties to arbitrate the substantive dispute underlying the PAGA claim—whether Lime misclassifiеs employees. We disagree.
Lime argues as follows. The parties agreed to arbitrate “any and all disputes,” including whether Lime misclassifies its employees, and Lime wants to arbitrate that dispute. Lime concedes that a representative PAGA claim for civil penalties is not arbitrable under Iskanian v. CLS Transportation Los Angeles, LLC, supra, 59 Cal.4th 348. But it says that the court must stay the PAGA claim while the parties arbitrate the underlying misclassification dispute, and afterwards they would return to court to litigate thе PAGA claim (unless Olabi loses the arbitration, leaving nothing left to litigate). The parties dispute whether a representative PAGA claim may be split in this manner.
Wе need not decide the issue because Lime‘s argument falls at the first hurdle: the agreement. Section 13 of the agreement contains the “Arbitration Provision,” which does indeed require the parties to arbitrate “any and all disputes” between them, including potential employee misclassification. But later in the same section, the agreement carves out PAGA representative actions:
Neither this Arbitration Provision nor the Class Action Waiver shall apply to a representative action brought on behalf of others under [PAGA]; any representative action brought under PAGA on behalf of others must be litigated in a court of competent jurisdiction.
The term “action” generally means “suit” and refers to the entire judicial proceeding, from complaint to judgment. (See Nassif v. Municipal Court (1989) 214 Cal.App.3d 1294, 1298;
Although Olabi specifically points to the carve-out in his brief, Lime does not explain how it can invoke the “dispute” language in the Arbitration Provision when the carve-out says—without qualification—that the entire
Finally, Lime forfeits its argument the trial court was required to delegate to an arbitrator the issue of whether Olabi‘s complaint alleges claims that fall outside of PAGA. It did nоt make that argument below. (P&D Consultants, Inc. v. City of Carlsbad (2010) 190 Cal.App.4th 1332, 1344.)
The trial court did not err.
DISPOSITION
The trial court‘s order denying Lime‘s petition to compel arbitration is affirmed. Olabi‘s request to dismiss the appeal as frivolous is denied.
BURNS, J.
We concur:
SIMONS, ACTING P.J.
NEEDHAM, J.
A156990
San Francisco Superior Court, Case No. CGC-18-569564, Hon. Richard Ulmer, Jr.
Rosen Bien Galvan & Grunfeld LLP, Gay Crosthwait Grunfeld, Michael Freedman and Jenny S. Yelin, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP, Joshua S. Lipshutz, Michael Holecek and Stephanie Balitzer, for Defendant and Appellant.