440 Pa. 375 | Pa. | 1970
Opinion by
We are asked in this appeal to reverse a $10,000 judgment for plaintiff in an assumpsit action because of the asserted illegality of the underlying contract.
Plaintiff, William G-. O’Brien, Jr., is the brother of defendants Helen, James, John and Joseph O’Brien, and Sue O’Brien Miller. All are children of William and Ada O’Brien, both now deceased. The principal sum was found to be due plaintiff as a third party donee beneficiary of a contract between defendants and their parents.
Sue, John and Joseph for their part denied that such a meeting had ever occurred or that such an oral agreement had been consummated or even discussed. Nevertheless, William, Sr. and Ada did transfer their stock to defendants,
Defendant-appellants now and for the first time contend that the contract founding William, Jr.’s claim to the insurance proceeds had an illegal purpose and is, for that reason, unenforceable.
Appellants offer an elaborate exposition of federal tax law, which, in their view, demonstrates that the failure to report the gift of the insurance proceeds and the false reporting of the stock transfer constitute various criminal violations of the Internal Revenue Code..
According to appellants, the applicable general rule is contained in the Restatement of Contracts §512 (1932) : “A bargain is illegal within the meaning of the Restatement of this Subject if either its formation or its performance is criminal, tortious, or otherwise opposed to public policy.” It is further contended that the specific illegality involved in the instant case is covered by the Restatement of Contracts §548(1) which provides: “A bargain in which either a promised performance or the consideration for a promise is concealing or compounding a crime or alleged crime is illegal.” Finally, we are referred to the Restatement of Contracts §580 which declares that any bargain in violation of a statute is illegal.
While the contract law of this Commonwealth in large measure parallels these principles of the Restatement of Contracts, see, e.g., Lamb v. Condon, 276 Pa. 544, 549-550, 120 Atl. 546, 547 (1923), they are not applicable to the facts before us. The “bargain” here at issue was neither criminal, tortious nor repugnant to public policy in its formation or performance. The agreement of William, Sr. and Ada to transfer their stock was, in itself, wholly legal. Equally innocent were appellants’ return promises to furnish an annuity and to pay the insurance proceeds to their brother. Nor does any special alchemy transform the aggregation of these promises into an illegal bargain. No party to the contract promised to conceal or compound any crime or to violate any statute. No crime was in fact committed or compounded and no statute was in fact violated by any acts of the parties performed in fulfillment of their respective contractual obligations. We
The rule of law that does control the disposition of this case is that a claim connected with an illegal contract is enforceable if the plaintiff does not require the illegal transaction to establish that claim. First National Bank v. Baer, 211 Pa. 184, 120 Atl. 815 (1923). Here, William, Jr.’s right to the $10,000 was made out by a wholly legal and valid contract, without recourse to the collateral illegality asserted by appellants. There is no reason to deny Ms recovery.
The judgment of the Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
Plaintiff introduced an entry from a family history in the handwriting of William, Sr. which tended to confirm James’ testimony.
For the purpose of controverting James’ testimony, defendants offered evidence tending to prove that their parents’ stock had been transferred to them in January of 1951, more than one year prior to the claimed oral agreement. However, plaintiff’s evidence to the contrary was apparently persuasive to the jury.
Defendant James O’Brien appeared without counsel and testified at trial. Defendant Helen O’Brien did not appear at trial. This appeal is prosecuted only by John and Joseph O’Brien and Sue O’Brien Miller.
The question of the illegality of a contract may be raised for the first time on appeal. Waychoff v. Waychoff, 309 Pa. 300, 163 Atl. 670 (1932).
Appellants also claim that James aided and abetted his parents’ tax evasion scheme by falsely dating the stock certificates and the corporate stock transfer records. But even if this be so, James was not acting pursuant to the contract.