148 Va. 640 | Va. | 1927
delivered the opinion of the court.
Upon the call of the case, James Hale admitted liability; Zed Hale filed an affidavit denying that he was a partner in the firm of Hale & Pressley, and also filed a plea of the general issue; Elbert Pressley filed a plea of the general issue, and in addition thereto filed a special plea in writing verified by affidavit. This plea is as follows:
“The said defendant by his attorney comes and says that he does not owe the sum of $551.17 with interest from May 1, 1926, or any part thereof, as demanded by the plaintiff in this cause. And of this the said defendant puts himself upon the country.”
Before the jury was sworn to try the issue joined, plaintiff in error moved the court to strike out the plea filed by defendant, Pressley, which motion the court overruled. Thereupon, the plaintiff called upon Pressley for a statement of his grounds of defense, which were accordingly offered, but plaintiff objected to the grounds of defense being received because not verified by affidavit. This objection the court overruled and permitted the grounds of defense to be filed.
There was a trial by jury, which resulted in a verdict against James Hale and in favor of Zed Hale and Elbert Pressley, upon which verdict the court entered the judgment complained of.
It is an admitted fact in the case that Zed Hale, acting for the firm, bought the merchandise in question from plaintiff in error, but before this merchandise was
While not admitted, it appears in the evidence that before the merchandise was bought Pressley notified James Hale and Zed Hale not to buy any more goods or merchandise on the firm’s account. Why the plaintiff shipped the goods in view of this notification by Pressley is not explained by plaintiff.
The first error assigned is the action of the court in refusing to strike out the written plea of Pressley. It is the contention of the plaintiff that since the notice of motion alleged a partnership obligation, no plea should be received which fails to deny the partnership, and which sets up a purely personal defense. The basis of the plea was the action of Pressley in notifying the Hales not to purchase goods on the firm’s account, and the notification given the plaintiff that if the goods were shipped he would not be responsible therefor.
The defense of nonliability on the grounds stated .was a separate defense and applied only to the defendant, Pressley. Subjoined, however, to the special plea in writing was the plea of the general issue. Under this plea the defendant was entitled to put in issue as to him the existence of the partnership. Perkins v. Miners’ Bank of Commerce, 126 Va. 69, 101 S. E. 50. However this may be, the question of partnership was not involved in the defense relied upon.
In Bank of Greenville v. Lowry & Co., 79 W. Va. 10, 90 S. E. 390, it appears that Lowry and Stover were partners in the grist mill business. Stover executed a note in the firm name in 'favor of the Bank of Green-
It is also assigned as error that the court, over the objection of the plaintiff, permitted “the defendant, Pressley, to file and rely upon grounds of defense which were not sworn to nor accompanied by affidavit in support thereof before filing.” Section 6046 of the Code is invoked to show that this action of the court constituted error. This section provides that when a plaintiff shall file with his notice of motion an account, stating distinctly the several items of his claim, verified by affidavit, then no plea in bar or defense to the merits shall be received on the part of the defendant-, unless accompanied by such affidavit as is prescribed by section 6133 of the Code. The record shows and the
In Moreland v. Moreland, 108 Va. 93, 60 S. E. 730, it is held that this section is fully complied with whenever it appears that the defendant orally directed the clerk to file for him a plea of nonassumpsit, and lodged with the clerk for filing a counter affidavit.
Section 6091 of the Code provides that in any action or motion the court may order a statement of the particulars of the claim or of the grounds of defense to be filed. The main object of this statute is to give the opposing party more definite information of the character of the claim, or the defense, than is disclosed by the declaration, notice or plea. City of Richmond v. Leaker, 99 Va. 6, 37 S. E. 348.
The statement of the grounds of defense does not constitute the issue to be tried, is no part of the pleading, and is not subject to demurrer, but is amenable to objection if insufficient. The statute does not, in specific terms, require, nor does its language import, that the grounds of defense should be sworn to. Whether or not a defendant will be required to file his grounds of defense rests in the sound discretion of the trial court and the exercise of this. discretion will not be the basis of reversal unless it plainly appears that the court has abused the same. There is no merit in this assignment of error.
After the evidence in the case had been concluded, the plaintiff asked for two instructions, as follows:
“The court tells the jury that if Zed Hale agreed to share in the profits of the business of Hale and Pressley and that Zed Hale contributed his time and labor as
“The court instructs the jury that if they believe from the evidence that Elbert Pressley was a partner at the time goods in the particular account were bought and at the time the goods were received by the firm and used in the ordinary course of the business of said firm, then the defendant, Elbert Pressley, is liable on said account as are all the partners.”
These two instructions were refused by the court and in lieu thereof three instructions were given on motion of the defendants. The basis of the court’s refusal to give instruction No. 1, offered by the plaintiff, is set forth in a note to Bill of Exception No. 3, as follows:
“The court refused this instruction because it is based upon two facts not proven and ignores the other evidence in the case. Besides, to share in the profits alone does not in law make one a partner. Atlantic C. L. R. Co. v. Townsend, 124 Va. 490, 501, [98 S. E. 684]; Jarvis v. Wallace, 139 Va. 171, 176 [123 S. E. 374].”
We agree fully in the conclusion of the trial court, and it was not error to refuse this instruction. It was not error to refuse plaintiff’s instruction No. 2, as it is in direct conflict with defendant’s instruction No. 1, which correctly states the law. Defendant’s instructions given, and which are complained of by the plaintiff, are as follows:
“I. If the jury believe from the evidence that Elbert Pressley, member of the known firm of Hale & Pressley, and one of the defendants, notified the plaintiff not to ship the goods represented by the account sued on and that he would not be responsible therefor before the shipment was made, you should find for him. The
“II. If the jury believe from the evidence that Zed Hale had an undivided interest in the business of Hale & Pressley then he was a member of the firm.
“III. The court instructs the jury that unless they believe by a preponderance of the evidence that Zed Hale was a member of the firm of Hale & Pressley they will find for the defendant, Zed Hale.”
As stated, supra, the undisputed fact is that Pressley notified the plaintiff before shipment not to ship the goods ordered by Zed Hale and the evidence tends to show that the two Hales were notified not to purchase the goods.
In 20 R. C. L., page 954, it is said: “A contract of partnership containing no stipulations as to the time during which it shall continue in force does not endure for the life of the partners, or either of them, or for any longer time than their mutual consent. Such a partnership may be dissolved by the agreement of the members, or by the act of any partner alone proceeding in accordance with his own will and pleasure, and at a moment’s notice.- All that is required is that notice of the dissolution must be communicated forthwith to the other members of the firm. By such notice the partnership is dissolved.”
In 30 Cyc., page 493, the law is stated thus: ‘•‘A partner, by giving notice to persons dealing with the firm not to extend credit to his copartner, may limit his liability so that he will not be liable for goods furnished in violation of such notice.”
In Dawson, Blackmore & Co. v. Elrod, 105 Ky. 624, 49. S. W. 465, 88 Am. St. Rep. 320, which Mr. Freeman
“If you believe from the evidence that defendant, Elrbd, before the fifth day of April, 1894, gave notice to Adams not to sell Hansford any more goods on credit, you will find for defendant; but .unless you so believe from the evidence, you will find for plaintiff.”
In holding this instruction to be a correct statement of the law, White, J., said: “It was shown that the sale was made by Adams, agent and stockholder in appellant company. We are of opinion that this instruction embraced the law of this case. The rule of law that one partner can bind all the members of the firm about matters within the scope of the partnership business rests upon agency, the principle being that all the partners have agreed that he should do so. This agreement to be bound by the acts of one within the scope of the business is implied by law from the very
This statement of the law completely disposes of the question involved in the instant case.
The judgment of the trial court is plainly right and will be affirmed.
A firmed.