delivered the opinion oe the Court.
This ivas an action of debt on a bond. A general demurrer to the declaration was sustained, and plaintiffs abiding, a judgment was rendered against them for costs, and they bring the case here by a writ of error.
Lamb, the principal, was not served with process and did not appear. The other defendants in error were the sureties. The bond, dated July 9, 1892, was given to an unincorporated society embracing many thousands of members, residing in different States, named in the penal part as the “ International Association of Machinists of North America.,” but in the condition three times as the “International Association of Machinists,” while in its constitution and by-laws, as the declaration avers, it calls itself the “ Grand Lodge of the International Association of Machinists.” It further avers that the association, under its constitution and by-laws, ever since its organization in 1886, had held annual conventions, at which all its members were represented by delegates, and that such conventions exercise, when in session, all the executive powers of the society; that at such a convention, in regular session on May 11, 1892, a constitution was adopted, of which Sec. 4, of Art. 3, was as follows: “ All the executive powers of this lodge, when not in session, shall be vested in its executive board, which board shall consist of the grand master machinist and seven trustees,” * * * who are to be “elected annually by the convention,” * * * which provisions have ever since remained in full force and effect; that at such annual convention, the plaintiffs, on May 9, 1893, were regularly elected—James O'Connell as grand master machinist and the others as the seven trustees, constituting said executive board, and which they still constitute; that the constitution also provided for the election of a treasurer of the society, prescribed his duties and required a bond for their faithful performance; that John J. Lamb was duly elected such treasurer and gave the bond in suit, and as such treasurer received the money sued for, which upon the election of his successor he failed to pay over according to the condition of said bond; and that because the members of the society are too numerous to be made parties by name, plaintiffs, by virtue of their membership and the power given them by the constitution as the executive board, bring this suit for the use of all the other members as well as of themselves. It avers the identity of the society they represent with the one variously named in the bond and of ‘which said John J. Lamb was treasurer.
The grounds upon which the declaration was claimed to be insufficient and the demurrer thereto said to have been sustained, were that it sought to enlarge the liability of the sureties beyond the terms of their contract, and failed to show any legal right in the plaintiffs to maintain the action as brought.
It is said to be attempted in the declaration, by averment, to substitute in the bond another and entirely different obligee. As a matter of fact that would depend on the truth of the averment, which is that the different designations of the obligee in the bond and declaration were intended to indicate one and the same party. It is a voluntary, unincorporated association, and therefore has no legal name. The bond itself uses two designations for what it must be presumed to intend as the same party, unless the words “of Horth America” were used not as part of its designation, but to show its locality. Being “international,” it may have taken in Mexico and the Dominion of Canada, but confined to Horth America.
However that may have been, it appears that the association in its constitution calls itself by the still different designation of “ Grand Lodge of the International Association of Machinists; ” and the averment, in effect, is that this is the name of the association—that the words “ Grand Lodge ” in that connection are not used to designate a particular tribunal of the association. How while proper names are a proper means of identifying persons and parties, and may be prima facie sufficient for that purpose, they are not conclusive. Several parties may rightfully bear the same name, and the same party may commonly go by several names. The latter is especially common with corporations and unincorporated societies. In Chadsey v. McCreery,
But upon the other ground stated we are of opinion that the demurrer was properly sustained.
The declaration shows that the obligee named in the bond is an unincorporated society, composed of many persons, of whom a few bring this action at law, on the bond, in their own names for the use of all the members. By the rule at common law this is forbidden. It can be maintained only in the names of all, however numerous. There is no authority, so far as we are advised, for supposing that it has been abrogated or modified in this State. "We have considered the cases specially cited, but time would not permit even a cursory examination of the many noted in 22 Am. & Eng. Enc. of Law, 806-7, and appended to the case of Phipps v. Jones, 20 Pa. St. 260, as reported in 59 Am. Decisions, 711. It must suffice to say that we discover no difference of opinion as to the common law rule, and that such of the cases as were not in equity, where it is different, were under statutes, expressly authorizing them. If the law of Illinois did not empower the plaintiffs to maintain this action in their own names alone, of course the • constitution of the association could not do it. Judgment affirmed.