94 Va. 255 | Va. | 1897
Lead Opinion
delivered the opinion of the court.
Seven citizens of Eichmond constituted the charter members of the company, who were its officers, directors, and only stockholders from the time of the organization until the institution of this suit.
The bill in this case, which is filed by the appellants on behalf of themselves and all other creditors of the York Steel & Iron Company, alleges that the company gave out, through its officers and directors, and by means of the mercantile agencies of the country, that its minimum capital stock, viz: $100,000, had been subscribed; that on the faith of said organization, and the sufficiency of its capital, and relying on the responsibility, capacity, and fidelity of its incorporators, . complainants had sold to said company without other security than a second mortgage, a large amount of valuable land situated in York county, South Carolina, for which the company executed its notes to complainants, aggregating $41,601.45, and assumed and undertook to pay three other notes, aggregating $10,080.60; that no part of this large indebtedness has been paid, and that all effort to pay the same
Complainants, upon disclosures contained in the books of the company, further aver and charge that the organization of the company, and the request by the incorporators that the lands be conveyed to Samuel Proskauer, individually, as if he were the real owner; that subscription to the capital stock of the company purporting to be for $200, by each solvent incorporator, and for $335,200 by the only insolvent incorporator, the statements given out through the mercantile agencies and otherwise that the minimum capital stock of the company had been actually subscribed, and especially the resolution of the company adopted March 14, 1891, to buy of said Samuel Proskauer all of its own property at the enormous price of five dollars, and thirty-three hundred and fifty shares of the company’s stock at the par value of $100, and the further payment of sixty-five thousand dollars, with interest until paid, was all one scheme, conceived, concocted, and carried out by the incorporators for their joint, mutual, and equal advantage, but with the fraudulent design and purpose of shielding all of them who were solvent from any liability in case of a failure of their joint venture, and was designed and intended to defraud complainants and all other creditors of said company of their j rst debts.
Complainants further allege that the company is utterly insolvent unless the incorporators are required to pay the subscription made in the name of Proskauer, but secretly for their benefit, which they now repudiate; that there has been no meeting of the stockholders or directors of the company held since February 13, 1893; that the company does not intend to collect the unpaid subscriptions, due alone from themselves; that the enterprise has been long since practically abandoned, and that, by reason of the fraud and mismanagement of the officers and directors, they are all jointly and severally liable with the company to complainants and all'
The prayer of the bill is that the court will ascertain what debts are due, or have been contracted in the name of the company; that it will decree and declare Samuel Proskauer a trustee for himself and the other six incorporators in equal proportions in the subscription for thirty-three hundred and fifty shares of the capital stock of the company, and will either, by a receiver to be appointed in the cause, or in some other way deemed proper by the court, require said incorporators to pay the same, or so much as remains due thereon, or as may be necessary to pay the debts, costs, &c.; or if the court shall consider that the directors, by their fraudulent and negligent management of the affairs of the company, have made themselves personally liable to complainants and other creditors, it w ill decree against them directly, as well as against the company, in favor of complainants and other creditors, for all debts and costs appearing to be due. Or if the court shall be of opinion that the corporation was in fact conceived, organized, and used solely as a cloak or shield to protect all of the incorporators who were solvent from liability or risk in the event of failure of their enterprise, and thus to defraud complainants and all others, and that said incorporation should therefore, not be regarded, but brushed aside, and said incorporators held directly liable by reason of their fraud, then that the court will decree directly against all the incorporators individually, in favor of complainants and a}l the creditors, for the lull-amount of their debts and costs, and for general relief.
To this bill the defendants demurred, and the chancery court sustained the demurrer and dismissed the bill, and the case is here upon an appeal from that decree.
The first question presented for decision is whether or not a simple contract creditor, who has not reduced his claim to
It is certainly true as a general rule that where a creditor has no lien on or interest in the property to be-subjected, he must obtain judgment and execution against his debtor before he can proceed in equity to subject his property, and this is usually as true in the case of corporations as it is in the case of individuals. The rule, however, is different in cases like that under consideration. The demurrer admits the allegations of the bill, from which it appears that the corporation here proceeded against, is insolvent, has ceased to do business, has been abandoned by its officers and directors, and has no one to administer its affairs or realize on its assets, and apply the same to the satisfaction of its debts.
In the case of Finney v. Bennett, 27 Gratt. 365, this court has very aptly likened an insolvent corporation that has ceased to do business to an insolvent decedent’s estate, and has argued with much force that, upon the same principle that a court of equity administers a dead man’s estate under a bill filed by simple contract creditors for that purpose, it should also administer the affairs of a corporation that has ceased its life work. That was the case of an insolvent and abandoned banking institution. Its assets remained in the hands of one or more of the officers last elected by its directors, but no one had been appointed by the directors or stockholders to take charge of its assets and wind up its affairs, and it was held proper under the circumstances, by analogy to the administration of a dead man’s estate, at the suit of simple contract creditors who had no lien, for a court of equity to take charge of the affairs of the abandoned corporation, administer its assets, and apply the same for the beneBt of its creditors. See also Bank of St. Mary's v. St. John, 25 Ala. 566.
In the case at bar other grounds of equity jurisdiction are suo-o-ested besides those held sufficient in the case cited. It
The case of Hollins v. Brierfield, Coal & Iron Co., 150 U. S. 371, cited and relied on by defendants, is not analogous in essential features to the case at bar. It does not clearly appear from the report that the corporation there sued was insolvent; nor does it appear that it had been abandoned by its officers and directors, and that they had refused to take any step looking to the plaintiff’s relief. And lastly, it appears that there was another suit pending in which the plaintiffs in that case might have sought and obtained relief without bringing, as they did, an independent suit.
It is further contended by the defendants that the bill is multifarious; that, in its prayer, inconsistent relief is asked for; and that for this reason the demurrer should be sustained.
Whether or not a bill is multifarious depends, it is said, upon its allegations, and not upon its prayer. No reason is perceived why under this bill the court cannot conveniently ascertain the rights of all parties, plaintiffs and defendants, and administer justice between them according to the very right of the case. The plaintiffs have a common interest in the subject matter of the suit, and the defendants have a coextensive common interest and liability. The litigation grows out of one and the same transaction, and the relief asked for in relation to each is of the same general character.
It is true the right of the plaintiffs to recover is placed by the bill upon several grounds, all however relating to the same subject matter, and the prayer is for relief in the alter
For the foregoing reasons the decree sustaining the demurrer and dismissing the bill is erroneous, and must be set aside, and this court, will enter an order overruling the demurrer, and remanding the case to the court below to be there proceeded with to a final decree upon the merits.
Dissenting Opinion
dissenting:
I am -.unable to concur in tiie opinion of the court. It seems to me that this case can be distinguished from Finney v. Bennett. In that case the defendant corporation was not only insolvent, but its assets were in such condition that a receiver was necessary to take charge of them to protect the creditors from loss. In this case no such necessity is shown, and no receiver is asked for. In that case the creditors were very numerous, and a multiplicity of suits was avoided. In this case, while the bill is filed on behalf of the plaintiffs and all other creditors who will contribute to the costs of the suit, there is no allegation that there are any other creditors, or that the defendant company owes any other debt than the one sued for.
The grounds stated in the bill for equitable relief are not sufficient, in my judgment, to bring this case within any of the exceptions to the general rule, that a creditor cannot file a bill in equity to subject the assets of an insolvent corporation to the payment of his debt until he has obtained a lien, or exhausted his remedy at law.
Keith, P., concurs with Buchanan, J.
Reversed.